αβ T cells specifically recognize a ligand composed of a peptide bound to a self-major-histocompatibility-complex molecule, but the recognition of slightly altered ligands by T cells can lead to a partial activation. This flexibility is crucial for T-cell development and can have both beneficial and harmful effects on peripheral T cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Bartlett, J. Familiar Quotations: A Collection of Passages, Phrases, and Proverbs Traced to their Sources in Ancient and Modern Literature (Little Brown, Boston, 1901).
Davis, M. M. & Bjorkman, P. J. Nature 334, 395–402 (1988).
Marrack, P. & Kappler, J. W. Sci. Am. 269, 86–89 (1993).
Samelson, L. E. & Klausner, R. D. J. biol. Chem. 267, 24913–24916 (1992).
Chan, A. C., Desai, D. M. & Weiss, A. A. Rev. Immun. 12, 555–592 (1994).
Perlmutter, R. M. et al. A. Rev. Immun. 11, 451–499 (1993).
Chan, A. C., Iwashima, M., Turck, C. W. & Weiss, A. Cell 71, 649–662 (1992).
Pastor, M. I., Reif, K. & Cantrell, D. Immun. Today 16, 159–164 (1995).
Matsui, K. et al. Science 254, 1788–1791 (1991).
Weber, S. et al. Nature 356, 793–796 (1992).
Sykulev, Y. et al. Immunity 1, 15–22 (1994).
Corr, M. et al. Science 265, 946–949 (1994).
Bjorkman, P. J. et al. Nature 329, 506–512 (1987).
Madden, D. R., Gorga, J. C., Strominger, J. L. & Wiley, D. C. Nature 353, 321–325 (1991).
Fremont, D. H. et al. Science 257, 919–927 (1992).
Stern, L. J. et al. Nature 368, 215–221 (1994).
Bhardwaj, V., Kumar, V., Geysen, H. M. & Sercarz, E. E. J. Immun. 151, 5000–5010 (1993).
Evavold, B. D. et al. Immunity 2, 655–663 (1995).
Wucherpfennig, K. W. & Strominger, J. L. Cell 80, 695–705 (1995).
Valitutti, S. et al. Nature 375, 148–151 (1995).
McKeithan, T. W. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 5042–5046 (1995).
Evavold, B. D. & Allen, P. M. Science 252, 1308–1310 (1991).
Evavold, B. D., Sloan-Lancaster, J. & Allen, P. M. Immun. Today 14, 602–609 (1993).
De Magistris, M. T. et al. Cell 68, 625–634 (1992).
Jameson, S. C., Carbone, F. R. & Bevan, M. J. J. exp. Med. 177, 1541–1550 (1993).
Racioppi, L., Ronchese, F., Matis, L. A. & Germain, R. N. J. exp. Med. 177, 1047–1060 (1993).
Alexander, J. et al. J. Immun. 150, 1–7 (1993).
Evavold, B. D., Sloan-Lancaster, J., Hsu, B. L. & Allen, P. M. J. Immun. 150, 3131–3140 (1993).
Snoke, K. et al. J. Immun. 151, 6815–6821 (1993).
Evavold, B. D., Sloan-Lancaster, J. & Allen, P. M. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 2300–2304 (1993).
Cao, W. et al. Nature 378, 295–398 (1995).
Sloan-Lancaster, J., Evavold, B. D. & Allen, P. M. Nature 363, 156–159 (1993).
Sloan-Lancaster, J., Evavold, B. D. & Allen, P. M. J. exp. Med. 180, 1195–1205 (1994).
Jenkins, M. K. & Schwartz, R. H. J. exp. Med. 165, 302–319 (1987).
Schwartz, R. H. Science 248, 1349–1356 (1990).
Germain, R. N., Levine, E. H. & Madrenas, J. The Immunologist 3, 113–121 (1995).
Sette, A. et al. A. Rev. Immun. 12, 413–431 (1994).
Jameson, S. C. & Bevan, M. J. Immunity 2, 1–11 (1995).
Sloan-Lancaster, J., Shaw, A. S., Rothbard, J. B. & Allen, P. M. Cell 79, 913–922 (1994).
Madrenas, J. et al. Science 267, 515–518 (1995).
Weiss, A. & Littman, D. R. Cell 76, 263–274 (1994).
Sloan-Lancaster, J. & Allen, P. M. A. Rev. Immun. (in the press).
Janeway, C. A. Jr Immun. Today 16, 223–225 (1995).
Valitutti, S. et al. J. exp. Med. 181, 577–584 (1995).
Matsui, K. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 12862–12866 (1994).
Janeway, C. A. Jr et al. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. q. Biol. 54, 657–666 (1989).
Kisielow, P. & von Boehmer, H. Adv. Immun. 58, 87–209 (1995).
Robey, E. & Fowlkes, B. J. A. Rev. Immun. 12, 675–705 (1994).
Hogquist, K. A. et al. Cell 76, 17–27 (1994).
Sebzda, E. et al. Science 263, 1615–1618 (1994).
Ashton-Rickardt, P. G. et al. Cell 76, 651–663 (1994).
Ashton-Rickardt, P. G. & Tonegawa, S. Immun. Today 15, 362–366 (1994).
Jameson, S. C., Hogquist, K. A. & Bevan, M. J. Nature 369, 750–752 (1994).
Yagi, J. & Janeway, C. A. Jr Int. Immun. 2, 83–89 (1990).
Pircher, H. et al. Nature 351, 482–485 (1991).
Vasquez, N. J., Kane, L. P. & Hedrick, S. M. Immunity 1, 45–56 (1994).
Klenerman, P. et al. Nature 369, 403–407 (1994).
Bertoletti, A. et al. Nature 369, 407–410 (1994).
Allen, P. M. & Zinkernagel, R. M. Nature 369, 355–356 (1994).
Davenport, M. P. Immun. Today 16, 432–436 (1995).
Meier, U.-C. et al. Science 270, 1360–1362 (1995).
Smilek, D. E. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 9633–9637 (1991).
Wauben, M. H. M. et al. J. exp. Med. 176, 667–677 (1992).
Franco, A. et al. Eur. J. Immun. 24, 940–946 (1994).
Kuchroo, V. K. et al. J. Immun. 153, 3326–3336 (1994).
Racke, M. K. et al. J. exp. Med. 180, 1961–1966 (1994).
Pfeiffer, C. et al. J. exp. Med. 181, 1569–1574 (1995).
Windhagen, A. et al. Immunity 2, 373–380 (1995).
Nicholson, L. B. et al. Immunity 3, 397–405 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kersh, G., Allen, P. Essential flexibility in the T-cell recognition of antigen. Nature 380, 495–498 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/380495a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/380495a0
This article is cited by
-
A Single-Amino-Acid Variant of the H60 CD8 Epitope Generates Specific Immunity with Diverse TCR Recruitment
Molecules and Cells (2012)
-
Cross-immune tolerance: conception and its potential significance on transplantation tolerance
Cellular & Molecular Immunology (2010)
-
Manipulating Antigenic Ligand Strength to Selectively Target Myelin-Reactive CD4+ T Cells in EAE
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (2010)
-
Modified peptides in anti-cancer vaccines: are we eventually improving anti-tumour immunity?
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy (2009)
-
An altered peptide ligand for naïve cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope of TRP-2(180–188) enhanced immunogenicity
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy (2006)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.