Abstract
IN species with haplodiploid genetic systems, full sisters are more closely related to each other (r = 3/4), and less closely related to their brothers (r = 1/4), than to their daughters and sons (r = 1/2). The classical theory for the origin of hymenopteran eusociality predicts that in many primitively or facultatively eusocial species, workers should exploit this relatedness asymmetry by laying male-destined eggs while allowing the queen to lay gyne-destined (reproductive female) eggs1–3. This prediction is satisfied in many species where colonies are founded by solitary gynes4-8. Here we describe a surprising reversal of the classical pattern. In colonies of the bee Halictus ligatus (Halictidae), queens produced most of the male-destined eggs whereas workers produced many of the gyne-destined eggs. We suggest that this pattern may result from temporal constraints on the production of reproductive brood, and that it may be common among primitively eusocial species.
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Richards, M., Packer, L. & Seger, J. Unexpected patterns of parentage and relatedness in a primitively eusocial bee. Nature 373, 239–241 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/373239a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/373239a0
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