Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Nature volume 373, pages 117–122 (1995)Cite this article

Abstract

The dynamics of HIV-1 replication in vivo are largely unknown yet they are critical to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Experimental drugs that are potent inhibitors of viral replication can be used to show that the composite lifespan of plasma virus and virus-producing cells is remarkably short (half-life ˜2 days). Almost complete replacement of wild-type virus in plasma by drug-resistant variants occurs after fourteen days, indicating that HIV-1 viraemia is sustained primarily by a dynamic process involving continuous rounds of de novo virus infection and replication and rapid cell turnover.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Get just this article for as long as you need it

$39.95

Learn more

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Ho, D. D., Moudgil, T. & Alam, M. New Engl. J. Med. 321, 1621–1625 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Coombs, R. W. et al. New Engl. J. Med. 321, 1626–1631 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Saag, M. S. et al. J. Infect. Dis 164, 72–80 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Clark, S. J. et al. New Engl. J. Med. 324, 954–960 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Daar, E. S., Mougdil, T., Meyer, R. D. & Ho, D.D. New Engl. J. Med. 324, 961–964 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Piatak, M. Jr et al. Science 259, 1749–1754 (1993).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Piatak, M. et al. Lancet 341, 1099 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schnittman, S. M., Greenhouse, J. J., Lane, H. C., Pierce, P. F. & Fauci, A. S. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 7, 361–367 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Michael, N. L., Vahey, M., Burke, D. S. & Redfield, R. R. J. Virol. 66, 310–316 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Winters, M. A., Tan, L. B., Katzenstein, D. A. & Merigan, T. C. J. clin. Microbiol. 31, 2960–2966 (1993).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Pantaleo, G. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 9838–9842 (1991).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Connor, R. I., Mohri, H., Cao, Y. & Ho, D. D. J. Virol. 67, 1772–1777 (1993).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Bagnarelli, P. et al. J. Virol. 66, 7328–7335 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bagnarelli, P. et al. J. Virol. 68, 2495–2502 (1994).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Graziosi, C. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 6405–6409 (1993).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Patterson, B. K. et al. Science 260, 976–979 (1993).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Saksela, K., Stevens, C., Rubinstein, P. & Baltimore, D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 91, 1104–1108 (1994).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cao, Y. et al. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. (in the press).

  19. Pantaleo, G. et al. Nature 362, 355–358 (1993).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Embretson, J. et al. Nature 362, 359–362 (1993).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Aoki-Sei, S. et al. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 8, 1263–1270 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Coffin, J. M. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immun. 176, 143–164 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wain-Hobson, S. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3, 878–883 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Merluzzi, V. J. et al. Science 250, 1411–1413 (1990).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kempf, D. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in the press).

  26. Vacca, J. P. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 91, 4096–4100 (1994).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mulder, J. et al. J. clin. Microbiol. 32, 292–300 (1994).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Larder, B. A. et al. Nature 365, 671–675 (1993).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Prasad, V. R. & Goff, S. P. J. biol. Chem. 264, 16689–16693 (1989).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Saag, M. S. et al. New Engl. J. Med. 329, 1065–1072 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Richman, D. D. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 11241–11245 (1991).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Richman, D. D. et al. J. Virol. 68, 1660–1666 (1994).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. McLean, A. R. & Nowak, M. A. AIDS 6, 71–79 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Michie, C., McLean, A., Alcock, C. & Beverley, P. C. L. Nature 360, 264–265 (1992).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Sprent, J. & Tough, D. F. Science 265, 1395–1400 (1994).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Balzarini, J. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 6599–6603 (1994).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Meyerhans, A. et al. Cell 58, 901–910 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Japour, A. J. et al. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 1095–1101 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Nowak, M. A. et al. Science 254, 963–969 (1991).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Simmonds, P. et al. J. Virol. 65, 6266–6276 (1991).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Smith, M. S., Koerber, K. L. & Pagano, J. S. J. infect. Dis. 167, 445–448 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang, Y.-M., Dawson, S. C., Landsman, D., Lane, H. C. & Salzman, N. P. J. Virol. 68, 425–432 (1994).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Myers, G. K., Korber, B., Berzofsky, J. A. & Smith, R.F. Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1993 (Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Shaw, G. M. et al. Science 226, 1165–1171 (1984).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 613 Lyons-Harrison Research Building, 701 South 19th Street, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA

    Xiping Wei, Sajal K. Ghosh, Maria E. Taylor, Beatrice H. Hahn & George M. Shaw

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 613 Lyons-Harrison Research Building, 701 South 19th Street, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA

    Victoria A. Johnson & Michael S. Saag

  3. Department of Antiviral Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA

    Emilio A. Emini

  4. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA

    Paul Deutsch

  5. Division of HIV and Exploratory Research, Genelabs Technologies Inc., Redwood City, California, 94063, USA

    Jeffrey D. Lifson

  6. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, 0X1 3PS, UK

    Sebastian Bonhoeffer & Martin A. Nowak

Authors
  1. Xiping Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sajal K. Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria E. Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Victoria A. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Emilio A. Emini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Paul Deutsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jeffrey D. Lifson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Sebastian Bonhoeffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Martin A. Nowak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Beatrice H. Hahn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Michael S. Saag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. George M. Shaw
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wei, X., Ghosh, S., Taylor, M. et al. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373, 117–122 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/373117a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/373117a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing