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The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum

Nature volume 407, pages 757–762 (2000)Cite this article

Abstract

The comparison of the genomes of two very closely related human mucosal pathogens, Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, has helped define the essential functions of a self-replicating minimal cell, as well as what constitutes a mycoplasma. Here we report the complete sequence of a more distant phylogenetic relative of those bacteria, Ureaplasma urealyticum (parvum biovar), which is also a mucosal pathogen of humans. It is the third mycoplasma to be sequenced, and has the smallest sequenced prokaryotic genome except for M. genitalium. Although the U. urealyticum genome is similar to the two sequenced mycoplasma genomes1,2, features make this organism unique among mycoplasmas and all bacteria. Almost all ATP synthesis is the result of urea hydrolysis, which generates an energy-producing electrochemical gradient. Some highly conserved eubacterial enzymes appear not to be encoded by U. urealyticum, including the cell-division protein FtsZ, chaperonins GroES and GroEL, and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase. U. urealyticum has six closely related iron transporters, which apparently arose through gene duplication, suggesting that it has a kind of respiration system not present in other small genome bacteria The genome is only 25.5% G+C in nucleotide content, and the G+C content of individual genes may predict how essential those genes are to ureaplasma survival.

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Figure 1: Metabolic pathways and substrate transport in U. urealyticum.
Figure 2: Conservation of gene order among U. urealyticum, M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium.
Figure 3: Distribution of U. urealyticum and M. genitalium genes according to percentage G+C.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank D. Schlessinger for establishing the collaboration that led to this project, Y. Hale for growing the U. urealyticum; R. Belo, P. Babayan, K. Hunkapiller and T. Nguyen for assistance with DNA sequencing; and C.-N. Chen, S. Peterson, K. Ketchum and S. Payne for helpful disscussions. This work was supported by PE Biosystems, the National Institute Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, Eli Lilly and Company, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Microbiology.

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Author notes

  1. Cheryl R. Heiner & Ellson Y. Chen

    Present address: Celera Genomics, PE Corporation, Foster City, California, 94404, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, Alabama, USA

    John I. Glass, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Jennifer S. Glass & Gail H. Cassell

  2. Infectious Diseases Research and Clinical Investigation, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, 46285, Indiana, USA

    John I. Glass, Jennifer S. Glass & Gail H. Cassell

  3. Advanced Center for Genomic Technology, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Foster City, 94404, California, USA

    Cheryl R. Heiner & Ellson Y. Chen

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Correspondence to John I. Glass.

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Glass, J., Lefkowitz, E., Glass, J. et al. The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum . Nature 407, 757–762 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35037619

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