Abstract
The use of electric pulses to transfect all types of cells is well known and regularly used in vitro for bacteria and eukaryotic cells transformation. Electric pulses can also be delivered in vivo either transcutaneously or with electrodes in direct contact with the tissues. After injection of naked DNA in a tissue, appropriate local electric pulses can result in a very high expression of the transferred genes. This manuscript describes the evolution in the concepts and the various optimization steps that have led to the use of combinations of pulses that fit with the known roles of the electric pulses in DNA electrotransfer, namely cell electropermeabilization and DNA electrophoresis. A summary of the main applications published until now is also reported, restricted to the in vivo preclinical trials using therapeutic genes.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the financial support of CNRS, IGR, AFM and the EU Commission through the projects Cliniporator (QLK3-1999-00484)159 and Esope (QLK3-2002-02003) coordinated by LMM. We also acknowledge all their colleagues for fruitful discussions and collaborative work. FA is the recipient of an ‘aide aux études’ from the AFM (Association Française contre les Myopathies).
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André, F., Mir, L. DNA electrotransfer: its principles and an updated review of its therapeutic applications. Gene Ther 11 (Suppl 1), S33–S42 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302367
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302367
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