Abstract
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the Electrophorus electricus electroplax sodium channel indicate that this protein, consisting of 1,820 amino acid residues, exhibits four repeated homology units, which are presumably oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane. Each homology unit contains a unique segment with clustered positively charged residues, which may be involved in the gating structure, possibly in conjunction with negatively charged residues clustered elsewhere.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Main-chain mutagenesis reveals intrahelical coupling in an ion channel voltage-sensor
Nature Communications Open Access 29 November 2018
-
Predicting changes to INa from missense mutations in human SCN5A
Scientific Reports Open Access 24 August 2018
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Get just this article for as long as you need it
$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Agnew, W. S. A. Rev. Physiol. 46, 517–530 (1984).
Catterall, W. A. Science 223, 653–661 (1984).
Hodgkin, A. L. & Huxley, A. F. J. Physiol., Lond. 117, 500–544 (1952).
Catterall, W. A. A. Rev. Pharmac. Tox. 20, 15–43 (1980).
Agnew, W. S., Levinson, S. R., Brabson, J. S. & Raftery, M. A. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2606–2610 (1978).
Nakayama, H., Withy, R. M. & Raftery, M. A. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 7575–7579 (1982).
Miller, J. A., Agnew, W. S. & Levinson, S. R. Biochemistry 22, 462–470 (1983).
Hartshorne, R. P. & Catterall, W. A. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 4620–4624 (1981).
Barchi, R. L. J. Neurochem. 40, 1377–1385 (1983).
Lombet, A. & Lazdunski, M. Eur. J. Biochem. 141, 651–660 (1984).
Weigele, J. B. & Barchi, R. L. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 3651–3655 (1982).
Tamkun, M. M., Talvenheimo, J. A. & Catterall, W. A. J. biol. Chem. 259, 1676–1688 (1984).
Rosenberg, R. L., Tomiko, S. A. & Agnew, W. S. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1239–1243 (1984).
Hanke, W., Boheim, G., Barhanin, J., Pauron, D. & Lazdunski, M. EMBO J. 3, 509–515 (1984).
Hewick, R. M., Hunkapiller, M. W., Hood, L. E. & Dreyer, W. J. J. biol. Chem. 256, 7990–7997 (1981).
Vieira, J. & Messing, J. Gene 19, 259–268 (1982).
Helfman, D. M., Feramisco, J. R., Fiddes, J. C., Thomas, G. P. & Hughes, S. H. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 31–35 (1983).
Southern, E. J. molec. Biol. 98, 503–517 (1975).
Maxam, A. M. & Gilbert, W. Meth. Enzym. 65, 499–560 (1980).
Thomas, P. S. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 5201–5205 (1980).
Okayama, H. & Berg, P. Molec. cell. Biol. 2, 161–170 (1982).
Hanahan, D. & Meselson, M. Gene 10, 63–67 (1980).
Kozak, M. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 5233–5252 (1981).
Proudfoot, N. J. & Brownlee, G. G. Nature 263, 211–214 (1976).
Hubbard, S. C. & Ivatt, R. J. A. Rev. Biochem. 50, 555–583 (1981).
Bause, E. Biochem. J. 209, 331–336 (1983).
Toh, H., Hayashida, H. & Miyata, T. Nature 305, 827–829 (1983).
Chou, P. Y. & Fasman, G. D. A. Rev. Biochem. 47, 251–276 (1978).
Kyte, J. & Doolittle, R. F. J. molec. Biol. 157, 105–132 (1982).
Capaldi, R. A. & Vanderkooi, G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 930–932 (1972).
Engelman, D. M. & Steitz, T. A. Cell 23, 411–422 (1981).
Rice, C. M., Bell, J. R., Hunkapiller, M. W., Strauss, E. G. & Strauss, J. H. J. molec. Biol. 154, 355–378 (1982).
Hille, B. J. gen. Physiol. 58, 599–619 (1971).
Hille, B. J. gen. Physiol. 59, 637–658 (1972).
Hille, B. in Membranes: A Series of Advances Vol. 3 (ed. Eisenman, G.) 255–323 (Dekker, New York, 1975).
Kreil, G. A. Rev. Biochem. 50, 317–348 (1981).
Blobel, G. & Dobberstein, B. J. Cell Biol. 67, 852–862 (1975).
Braell, W. A. & Lodish, H. F. Cell 28, 23–31 (1982).
Anderson, D. J., Mostov, K. E. & Blobel, G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7249–7253 (1983).
Claesson, L., Larhammar, D., Rask, L. & Paterson, P. A. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7395–7399 (1983).
Chin, D. J. et al. Nature 308, 613–617 (1984).
Armstrong, C. M. & Bezanilla, F. Nature 242, 459–461 (1973).
Armstrong, C. M. Q. Rev. Biophys. 7, 179–210 (1975).
Armstrong, C. M. Physiol. Rev. 61, 644–683 (1981).
Laemmli, U. K. Nature 227, 680–685 (1970).
Sutcliffe, J. G. Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 2721–2728 (1978).
Reddy, V. B. et al. Science 200, 494–502 (1978).
Chirgwin, J. M., Przybyla, A. E., MacDonald, R. J. & Rutter, W. J. Biochemistry 18, 5294–5299 (1979).
Aviv, H. & Leder, P. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 1408–1412 (1972).
Hanahan, D. J. molec. Biol. 166, 557–580 (1983).
Moore, H.-P. H., Fritz, L. C., Raftery, M. A. & Brockes, J. P. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 1673–1677 (1982).
Ito, H., Ike, Y., Ikuta, S. & Itakura, K. Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 1755–1769 (1982).
Boyer, H. W. & Roulland-Dussoix, D. J. molec. Biol. 41, 459–472 (1969).
Wahl, G. M., Padgett, R. A. & Stark, G. R. J. biol. Chem. 254, 8679–8689 (1979).
Weinstock, R., Sweet, R., Weiss, M., Cedar, H. & Axel, R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 1299–1303 (1978).
Noda, M. et al. Nature 295, 202–206 (1982).
McMaster, G. K. & Carmichael, G. G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 4835–4838 (1977).
Dayhoff, M. O., Schwartz, R. M. & Orcutt, B. C. in Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure Vol. 5, Suppl. 3 (ed. Dayhoff, M. O.) 345–352 (National Biomedical Research Foundation, Silver Spring, Maryland, 1978).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Noda, M., Shimizu, S., Tanabe, T. et al. Primary structure of Electrophorus electricus sodium channel deduced from cDNA sequence. Nature 312, 121–127 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1038/312121a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/312121a0
This article is cited by
-
Structure and Function of Sodium Channel Nav1.3 in Neurological Disorders
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (2023)
-
35 years of channelling potassium ions
Nature (2022)
-
Voltage-dependent gating in K channels: experimental results and quantitative models
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (2020)
-
Predicting changes to INa from missense mutations in human SCN5A
Scientific Reports (2018)
-
Main-chain mutagenesis reveals intrahelical coupling in an ion channel voltage-sensor
Nature Communications (2018)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.