Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review Article
  • Published:

The early Universe

Nature volume 294, pages 521–526 (1981)Cite this article

Abstract

In the past few years one of the most exciting areas of research in physics has been the interdisciplinary field of cosmology and particle physics. The NSF's Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara devoted a 6-month program and an intensive 1-week workshop to the subject. A brief review is given of both the workshop and this field which is attracting attention, in part, because the early Universe seems to be the only laboratory in which to study grand unification.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Weinberg, S. Gravitation and Cosmology Ch. 15 (Wiley, New York, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Misner, C., Thorne, K. & Wheeler, J. Gravitation Ch. 27–30 (Freeman, San Francisco, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Landau, L. & Lifshitz, E. The Classical Theory of Fields 4th edn, Ch. 14 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Georgi, H. Scient. Am. 244 (4), 40 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Goldman, T. & Ross, D. Nucl. Phys. B162, 102 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Weinberg, S. Scient. Am. 244(6), 64 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Miyake, S. 2nd Workshop on Grand Unification (Ann Arbor, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schramm, D. & Wagoner, R. A. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 27, 37 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Olive, K., Schramm, D., Steigman, G., Turner, M. & Yang, J. Astrophys. J. 246, 557 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang, J., Turner, M., Steigman, G., Schramm, D. & Olive, K. (in preparation).

  11. Stecker, F. Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1237, 1437(E) (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rees, M. Nature 275, 35 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Carr, B. & Rees, M. Astr. Astrophys. 61, 705 (1977).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. David, Y. & Reeves, H. in Proc. Les Houches Summer School Vol. 32 (eds Balain, R., Audoze, J. & Schramm, D.) (North Holland, New York, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Harvey, J. & Kolb, E. Phys. Rev. D (in the press).

  16. Steigman, G. A. Rev. Astr. Astrophys. 14, 339 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wilczek, F. Scient. Am. 243(6), 60 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Waldrop, M. Science 211, 803 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sakharov, A. Zh. ETF Pis'ma 5, 32 (1967).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Weinberg, S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 850 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Toussaint, D. et al. Phys. Rev. D19, 1036 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Turner, M. Baryosynthesis Without Out-of-equilibrium Decay (UCSB preprint NSF-ITP-81-30).

  23. Ellis, J., Gaillard, M., Nanopoulos, D. & Rudaz, S. Phys. Lett. 99B, 101 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Buffington, A. et al. Astrophys. J. Lett. (in the press).

  25. Stecker, F., Protheroe, R. & Kazanas, D. Phys. Rev. Lett. (submitted).

  26. Peebles, P. J. E. The Large Scale Structure of the Universe (Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Turner, M. & Schramm, D. Nature 279, 303 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Barrow, J. & Turner, M. Nature 291, 469 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bond, J., Kolb, E. & Silk, J. Astrophys. J. (in the press).

  30. Lyubimov, V. et al. Phys. Lett. 94B, 266 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bond, J. & Szalay, A. (in preparation).

  32. Doroshkevich, A. et al. Proc. 10th Texas Symp. (1981).

  33. Silk, J. & Wilson, M. Astrophys. J. Lett. 244, L37 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Davis, M. & Press, W. (in preparation).

  35. 't Hooft, G. Nucl. Phys. B79, 276 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Polyakov, A. JETP Lett. 20, 194 (1974).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Preskill, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1365 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Guth, A. Phys. Rev. D23, 347 (1981).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. La Rue, G., Phillips, J. & Fairbank, W. Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 967 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. De Rujula, A., Giles, R. & Jaffe, R. Phys. Rev. D17, 285 (1978).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Slansky, R., Goldman, T. & Shaw, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. (in the press).

  42. Wagoner, R. & Steigman, G. Phys. Rev. D20, 825 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Linde, A. JETP Lett. 19, 183 (1974).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sher, M. Phys. Rev. D22, 1989 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Guth, A. & Weinberg, E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1131 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Witten, E. Nucl. Phys. B177, 477 (1981).

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  47. Kolb, E. & Wolfram, S. Astrophys. J. 229, 428 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Turner, M. in Proc. 2nd Workshop on Grand Unification (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Dicke, R. & Peebles, P. J. E. in General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey (eds Hawking, S. & Israel, M.) (Cambridge University Press, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hu, B. Phys. Lett. B (in the press).

  51. Parker, L. & Fulling, S. Phys. Rev. D7, 2357 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fischetti, M., Hartle, J. & Hu, B. Phys. Rev. D20, 1757 (1979).

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  53. Starobinsky, A. Phys. Lett. 91B, 99 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Zee, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 703 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Theoretical Division, University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA

    Edward W. Kolb

  2. Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA

    Edward W. Kolb & Michael S. Turner

  3. Astronomy and Astrophysics Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA

    Michael S. Turner

Authors
  1. Edward W. Kolb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael S. Turner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kolb, E., Turner, M. The early Universe. Nature 294, 521–526 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1038/294521a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/294521a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing