Abstract
The concept of a more or less uniform world-wide flora (the ‘Lepidodendropsis flora’) of early Carboniferous age, was first expounded by Jongmans1. He cited the fossil plant genera Lepidodendropsis, Triphyllopteris and Rhacopteris as characterising this palaeofloristic unit, of which he claimed representation from a number of Northern and Southern Hemisphere localities. Subsequent work has generally confirmed his conclusion that in the early Carboniferous a floristically rather uniform lycopod-rich association extended into all the major continents, preceding the onset of Carbo–Permian glaciation. In its relative uniformity this flora contrasts sharply with the pronounced regional character of the floras (especially the Gondwana Glossopteris flora) that followed the glaciation. Although representation of Jongman's Lepidodendropsis flora was claimed for the major southern land masses (South America, Africa, Australia) only a very limited Carboniferous flora, of a few genera of fern/pteridosperm leaves, has been reported2,3 from India. This flora, from the Thabo stage of Spiti, in the Western Himalayas, was the only Indian Carboniferous flora known hitherto, and it differed significantly from its counterparts in other parts of Gondwanaland in the absence of Lepidodendropsis, and indeed any other lycopods. A newly discovered flora of Lower Carboniferous age from the Gund Formation of Kashmir, some 400 km west-northwest of Spiti is reported here.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jongmans, W. J. C.R. 3rd Cong. Strat. Carbon. (Heerlen, 1951) 295–306 (1952).
Gothan, W. & Sahni, B. Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind. 72, 195–206 (1937).
Hoeg, O. A., Bose, M. N. & Shukla, B. N. Palaeobotanist 4, 10–13 (1957).
Pal, A. K. Himal. Geology (in the press).
Lutz, J. Palaeontographica 78 B, 114–157 (1933).
Lacey, W.S. Palaeontographica 111 B, 126–160 (1962).
Wagner, R. H., Ann. Soc. geol. Nord. 98, 59–66 (1978).
Jongmans, W. J., Gothan, W. & Darrah, W. C. C.R. 2nd Cong. Strat. Carbon. (Heerlen, 1935) 1, 423–444 (1937).
Chaloner, W. G. & Meyen, S. V. in Atlas of Palaeobiogeography, 169–186 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1973).
Jongmans, W. J. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 2, 189–224 (1954).
Mensah, M. K. & Chaloner, W. G. Palaeontology 24, 357–369 (1971).
Danzè-Corsin, P. Ann. Sci. nat. Bot. 12, 361–372 (1965).
Lejal-Nicol, A. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. Nord. 67, 225–242 (1976).
Lejal-Nicol, A. Palaeontographica 121 B, 142–158 (1968).
Jongmans, W. J. & Koopmans, R. Meded. geol. Sticht. (1938–1939), 223–229 (1940).
Jongmans, W. J. & Heide, S. Van der. Meded. geol. Sticht. 8, 59–75 (1955).
Rigby, J. F. Geol. Surv. Queensland Publ. 350, 1–10 (1973).
Sze, H. C. Bull. geol. Soc. China 15, 135–152 (1936).
Chang, C. S. Acta palaeont. sin. 13, 610–615 (1965).
Asama, K. Geol. Palaeontol. S.E. Asia 11, 109–118 (1973).
Vakhrameev, V. A., Dobruskina, I. K., Meyen, S. V. & Zaklinskaya, E. D. Paläozoische und Mesozoische Floren Eurasiens und die Phytogeographie dieser Zeit, 1–300 (Fischer, Jena, 1978).
Sze, H. C. Palaeont. Sin. A 4, 166–192 (1952).
Lejal-Nicol, A. Palaeontographica 151 B, 52–96 (1975).
Walton, A. B. C.R. 2nd Cong. Strat. Carbon. (Heerlen, 1935) 3, 1335–1342 (1937).
Irving, E., Tanezyk, E. & Hestie, J. Catalogue of palaeomagnetic directions and poles, Geomagnetic series 5 (1976).
Keppie, J. D. Nova Scotia Department of Mines Pap. 77, 1–45 (1977).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pal, A., Chaloner, W. A Lower Carboniferous Lepidodendropsis flora in Kashmir. Nature 281, 295–297 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1038/281295a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/281295a0
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.