Abstract
A complex organic solid produced from cosmically abundant molecules helps to explain many properties of the interstellar grains and gas.
Your institute does not have access to this article
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
The Specific Heat of Astro-materials: Review of Theoretical Concepts, Materials, and Techniques
International Journal of Thermophysics Open Access 01 August 2022
-
The mystery of unidentified infrared emission bands
Astrophysics and Space Science Open Access 02 February 2022
-
Enceladus and Titan: emerging worlds of the Solar System
Experimental Astronomy Open Access 01 December 2021
Access options
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
$199.00
only $3.90 per issue
All prices are NET prices.
VAT will be added later in the checkout.
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
$32.00
All prices are NET prices.
References
Sagan, C. & Khare, B. N. Science 173, 417 (1971), Astrophys. J. 168, 563 (1971), Science 189, 722 (1975).
Khare, B. N. & Sagan, C. Icarus 20, 311 (1973).
Khare, B. N., Sagan, C., Bandurski, E. & Nagy, B. Science 199, 1199 (1978).
Khare, B. N., Sagan, C., Zumberge, J., Sklarew, D. & Nagy, B. (1978) Science, (submitted).
Sagan, C. in The Atmosphere of Titan, 134, NASA Publication SP-340 (Washington, U.S. Gov't Printing Office 1974), Astrophys. J. Suppl. 32, 737 (1976), Sagan, C. Space Sci. Rev. 11, 73 (1971).
Miller, S. L. J. Am. chem. Soc. 77, 2351 (1955), Biochem. biophys. Acta 23, 480 (1957).
Wickramasinghe, N. C. & Morgan, D. (eds) Solid State Astrophysics (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1975).
Woolfe, N. J. in Interstellar Dust and Related Topics, 485 (eds Greenberg, J. M. & van de Hulst, H. C.) (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1973).
Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C. Nature 223, 459 (1969).
Sagan, C. Nature 238, 77 (1972), in Highlights of Astronomy, 2, 249, 436 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1971), in Molecules in the Galactic Environment (eds Gordon, M. & Snyder, L.) 451 (Wiley, New York, 1973).
Khare, B. N. & Sagan, C. in Molecules in the Galactic Environment, 399 (eds Gordon, M. & Snyder, L.) (Wiley, New York 1973).
Knacke, R. F. Nature 269, 132 (1977).
Wickramasinghe, N. C. Nature 252, 462 (1974).
Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C. Nature 266, 241 (1977).
Wickramasinghe, N. C., Hoyle, F., Brooks, J. & Shaw, G. Nature 269, 674 (1977).
Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C. Nature 270, 701 (1977).
Hoyle, F., Olavesen, A. H. & Wickramasinghe, N. C. Nature 271 229 (1978).
Brooks, J. et al. (eds) Sporopollenin (London, Academic, 1971).
Knacke, R. F., Cudaback, D. & Gaustad, J. Astrophys.J. 158, 151 (1969).
Merrill, K. M., Russell, R. W. & Soifer, B. Astrophys. J. 207, 763 (1976).
Forrest, W. J. et al. Astrophys. J. 219, 114 (1978).
Soifer, B. T., Russell, R. & Merrill, K. Astrophys. J. 210, 334 (1976).
Gillett, F. C. & Soifer, B. Astrophys. J. 207, 780 (1976).
Soifer, B. T., Russell, R. & Merrill, K. Astrophys. J. 207, L83 (1976).
Gillett, F. C. & Forrest, W. Astrophys. J. 179, 483 (1973).
Dyck, H. M. & Simon, T. Astrophys. J. 211, 421 (1977).
Briggs, M. H. Nature 191, 1137 (1961).
Meinschem, W. G., Nagy, B. & Hennessy, J. D. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 108, 339 (1963).
Hoyle, F. Mercury 2 (1978).
Willner, S. P., Peutter, R., Russell, R. & Soifer, B. Workshop on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Dust in the Space Medium (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1978).
Russell, R. W., Soifer, B. & Willner, S. Astrophys. J. 217, L149 (1977).
Kleinman, S. G., Sargent, D., Gillett, F. C., Grasdalen, G. & Joyce, R. Astrophys. J. 215, L79 (1977).
Bandurski, E. L. & Nagy, B. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta. 40, 1397 (1976).
Sakata, A., et al. Nature 266, 241 (1977).
Egan, W. G. & Hilgeman, T. Nature 273, 369 (1978).
Douglas, A. E. Nature 269, 130 (1970).
Sagan, C. & Miller, S. L. Astr. J. 65, 499 (1960).
Miller, S. L. & Orgel, L. The Origins of Life on the Earth (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1974).
Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C. New Scient. 76, 402 (1977).
Salpeter, E. E., A. Rev. Astr. Astrophys. 15, 267 (1977).
Hayatsu, R., Matsuoko, S., Scott, R., Studier, M. & Auders, E. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta. 41, 1325 (1977).
Gilra, P. P. Nature 229, 237 (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sagan, C., Khare, B. Tholins: organic chemistry of interstellar grains and gas. Nature 277, 102–107 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1038/277102a0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/277102a0
Further reading
-
Low-temperature nitrogen-bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation routes validated by infrared spectroscopy
Nature Astronomy (2022)
-
The Specific Heat of Astro-materials: Review of Theoretical Concepts, Materials, and Techniques
International Journal of Thermophysics (2022)
-
The mystery of unidentified infrared emission bands
Astrophysics and Space Science (2022)
-
Enceladus and Titan: emerging worlds of the Solar System
Experimental Astronomy (2021)
-
Cosmic biology in perspective
Astrophysics and Space Science (2019)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.