Abstract
Among the topoisomerase (topo) II isozymes (α and β), topo IIβ has been suggested to regulate differentiation. In this study, we examined the role of topo IIβ in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines. Inhibition of topo IIβ activity or downregulation of protein expression enhanced ATRA-induced differentiation/growth arrest and apoptosis. ATRA-induced apoptosis in topo IIβ-deficient cells involved activation of the caspase cascade and was rescued by ectopic expression of topo IIβ. Gene expression profiling led to the identification of peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) as a candidate gene that was downregulated in topo IIβ-deficient cells. Reduced expression of PRDX2 validated at the mRNA and protein level, in topo IIβ-deficient cells correlated with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following ATRA-induced differentiation. Overexpression of PRDX2 in topo IIβ-deficient cells led to reduced accumulation of ROS and partially reversed ATRA-induced apoptosis. These results support a role for topo IIβ in survival of ATRA-differentiated myeloid leukemia cells. Reduced expression of topo IIβ induces apoptosis in part by impairing the anti-oxidant capacity of the cell owing to downregulation of PRDX2. Thus, suppression of topo IIβ and/or PRDX2 levels in myeloid leukemia cells provides a novel approach for improving ATRA-based differentiation therapy.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by USPHS Grants RO1 CA74939, RO1 DK56917 and RO1 CA117928. Eli Zarkhin was supported by a Joseph S Silber Student Fellowship, American Cancer Society, Cuyahoga County Unit. We thank Dr R Gallagher, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York for generously providing the AP-1060 cells; Dr J Maciejewski, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio for generously providing the KG1 cells; and Dr I Hickson for the generous gift of topo IIα antibody. We gratefully acknowledge Terri O'Brian and Jim Reed of the Art-Medical Illustrations and Photography department for skillful preparation of the artwork.
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Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Leukemia website (http://www.nature.com/leu)
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Chikamori, K., Hill, J., Grabowski, D. et al. Downregulation of topoisomerase IIβ in myeloid leukemia cell lines leads to activation of apoptosis following all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation/growth arrest. Leukemia 20, 1809–1818 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2404351
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2404351
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