Abstract
The sulphur dioxide in the air can be estimated qualitatively by studying the lichens growing on trees. A ten-point scale has been constructed and used in pilot surveys in England and Wales, south-east England and the city of Leicester.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nylander, W., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 13, 364 (1866).
Stirton, J., Trans. Glasgow Field Nat., 2, 32 (1874).
Crombie, J. M., Essex Nat., 4, 54 (1885).
Sernander, (J.) R., Stockholms Natur., Uppsala (1926).
Jones, E. W., Rev. Bryol. Lichenol., 21, 96 (1952).
Barkman, J. J., Phytosociology and Ecology of Cryptogamic Epiphytes (Assen, 1958).
Domrös, M., Arbeit. Rheinisch. Landeskunde, Bonn, 23, 1 (1966).
Laundon, J. R., Lichenologist, 3, 277 (1967).
Skye, E., Acta Phytogeogr. Suec., 52, 1 (1968).
De Sloover, J., and Le Blanc, F., Proc. Symp. Recent. Adv. Trop. Ecol., 1968, 42 (1968).
Barkman, J. J., Verh. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Nat., 54 (4) (1963).
Brodo, I. M., NY State Mus. Sci. Serv. Bull., 410, i–x, 1 (1968).
Moberg, R., Svensk Bot. Tidskr., 62, 169 (1968).
Schonbeck, H., Staub, 29, 14 (1969).
Lundström, H., Studia Forest. Suec., 56, 1 (1968).
Rao, D. N., and Le Blanc, F., Bryologist, 70, 141 (1967).
Gilbert, O. L., in Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook, 206 (Commonwealth Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey, 1969).
Gilbert, O. L., in Ecology and the Industrial Society (edit. by Goodman G. T., et al.) (Oxford, 1965).
Hawksworth, D. L., Lichenologist, 4, 105 (1969).
Gilbert, O. L., New Phytol., 67, 15 (1968).
Hawksworth, D. L., and Rose, F., Proc. Birmingham Nat. Hist. Soc., 21, 191 (1969).
Ministry of Technology, The Investigation of Atmospheric Pollution (various cyclostyled publications), Warren Spring Laboratories, Stevenage, Herts (1960–1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
HAWKSWORTH, D., ROSE, F. Qualitative Scale for estimating Sulphur Dioxide Air Pollution in England and Wales using Epiphytic Lichens. Nature 227, 145–148 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1038/227145a0
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/227145a0
This article is cited by
-
Sulfur is in the Air: Cyanolichen Marriages and Pollution
Acta Biotheoretica (2023)
-
Bark, soil and lichens are effective indicators of dust from limestone industries in Thailand
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2023)
-
Application of Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) along elevation gradients in Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2022)
-
Air pollution in Slovakia (Central Europe): a story told by lichens (1960–2020)
Biologia (2021)
-
Recalibration and validation of the Swiss lichen bioindication methods for air quality assessment
Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2020)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
