Abstract
A scheme for the evolutionary relationships of living organisms is proposed. It is based on data concerning the reactivities of cytochromes c of various organisms with cytochrome oxidase from a bacterium and from the cow; on the assumption that denitrifying organisms are the most primitive and on the similarity of haem d to chlorophyll.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Evolving Genes and Proteins (edit. by Bryson, V., and Vogel, H. J.) (Academic Press, New York, 1965).
Okunuki, K., in A Laboratory Manual of Analytical Methods of Protein Chemistry (edit. by Alexander, P., and Block, R. J.), 1, 31 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1960).
Yamanaka, T., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 67, 379 (1963).
Yamanaka, T., Ann. Rep. Scient. Works, Fac. Sci. Osaka Univ., 11, 77 (1963).
Okunuki, K., in Oxygenases (edit. by Hayaishi, O.), 409 (Academic Press, New York, 1962).
Yamanaka, T., and Okunuki, K., J. Biol. Chem., 239, 1813 (1964).
Yamanaka, T., and Kamen, M. D., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 96, 328 (1965).
Horio, T., Higashi, T., Sasagawa, M., Kusai, K., Nakai, M., and Okunuki, K., Biochem. J., 77, 194 (1960).
Yamanaka, T., Miki, K., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 77, 654 (1963).
Hori, K., J. Biochem., 50, 440–481 (1961).
Vernon, L. P., and Mangum, J. H., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 90, 103 (1960).
Gibson, J., Biochem. J., 79, 151 (1961).
Kamen, M. D., Bartsch, R. G., Horio, T., and de Klerk, H., in Methods in Enzymology (edit. by Colowick, S. P., and Kaplan, N. O.), 6, 391 (Academic Press, New York, 1963).
Taniguchi, S., and Kamen, M. D., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 96, 395 (1965).
de Klerk, H., Bartsch, R. G., and Kamen, M. D., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 97, 275 (1965). Henderson, R. W., and Nankiville, D. D., Biochem. J., 98, 587 (1966).
Yakushiji, E., Sugimura, Y., Sekuzu, I., Morikawa, I., and Okunuki, K., Nature, 185, 105 (1960).
Katoh, S., Nature, 186, 138 (1960).
Yamanaka, T., and Kamen, M. D., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 112, 436 (1966).
Perini, F., Kamen, M. D., and Schiff, J. A., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 88, 74 (1964).
Motonaga, K., Misaka, E., Nakajima, E., Ueda, S., and Nakanishi, K., J. Biochem., 57, 22 (1965).
Yamanaka, T., Mizushima, H., Katano, H., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 85, 11 (1964).
Nakanishi, K., Katano, H., Motonaga, K., Ito, T., and Haga, M., Seikagaku, 36, 102 (1964).
Yamanaka, T., Nishimura, T., and Okunuki, K., J. Biochem., 54, 161 (1963).
Yamanaka, T., Nakajima, H., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 63, 510 (1962).
Hagihara, B., Tagawa, K., Morikawa, I., Shin, M., and Okunuki, K., J. Biochem., 46, 321 (1959).
Yamanaka, T., Mizushima, H., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 81, 223 (1964).
Yamanaka, T., Tokuyama, S., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 77, 592 (1963).
Yamanaka, T., Mizushima, H., Miki, K., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 81, 386 (1964).
Hagihara, B., Tagawa, K., Morikawa, I., Shin, M., and Okunuki, K., J. Biochem., 45, 725 (1958).
Yamanaka, T., Mizushima, H., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 73, 167 (1963).
Hagihara, B., Yoneda, M., Tagawa, K., Morikawa, I., and Okunuki, K., J. Biochem., 45, 565 (1958).
Theorell, H., and Åkesson, Å., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 63, 1804 (1941).
Hagihara, B., Morikawa, I., Sekuzu, I., and Okunuki, K., J. Biochem., 45, 551 (1958).
Matsubara, H., and Yasunobu, K. T., J. Biol. Chem., 236, 1701 (1961).
van Niel, C. B., in Bacterial Photosynthesis (edit. by Gest, H., San Pietro A., and Vernon, L. P.), 459 (Antioch, Yellow Springs, 1963).
Margoliash, E., and Smith, E. L., in Evolving Genes and Proteins (edit. by Bryson, V., and Vogel, H. J.), 221 (Academic Press, New York, 1965).
Fischer, A. G., Proc. U.S. Nat. Acad. Sci., 53, 1205 (1965).
Oparin, A. I., The Origin of Life on the Earth, third ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1957).
Urey, H. C., in The Nature of Biological Diversity (edit. by Allen, J. M.), 1 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963).
Oda, Y., in The Origin of Life on the Earth (edit. by Oparin, A. I., Pasynskii, A. G., Braunstein, A. E., and Pavlovskaya, T. E.), 593 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1959).
Peck, jun., H. D., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 22, 112 (1966).
Ishimoto, M., and Egami, F., in The Origin of Life on the Earth (edit. by Oparin, A. I., Pasynskii, A. G., Brunstein, A. E., and Pavlovskaya, T. E.), 555 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1959).
Takahashi, H., Taniguchi, S., and Egami, F., in Comparative Biochemistry (edit. by Florkin, M., and Mason, H. S.), 5, 91 (Academic Press, New York, 1963).
Yamanaka, T., Ota, A., and Okunuki, K., Abstracts of Sixth Intern. Congress Biochem., 750 (New York, 1964).
Yamanaka, T., Nature, 204, 253 (1964).
Barrett, J., Biochem. J., 64, 626 (1956).
Yamanaka, T., and Okunuki, K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 67, 407 (1963).
Falk, J. E., Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1964).
Rapport, H., and Hamlow, H. P., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 6, 134 (1961).
Mathewson, J. W., Richards, W. R., and Rapport, H., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 364 (1963).
Yamanaka, T., and Okunuki, K., Biochem. Z., 338, 62 (1963).
Yamanaka, T., Ota, A., and Okunuki, K., J. Biochem., 49, 414 (1961).
Kikuchi, G., Saito, Y., and Motokawau, Y., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 94, 1 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
YAMANAKA, T. Cytochrome c and Evolution. Nature 213, 1183–1186 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1038/2131183a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2131183a0
This article is cited by
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.