Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Mode of Formation of 3,4-Benzopyrene in Human Environment

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Yamagiwa, K., and Ichikawa, K., J. Cancer Res., 3, 1 (1918); Mitt. Med. Fak. Tokio, 15, 295 (1915).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cook, J. W., Hewett, C. L., and Hieger, I., J. Chem. Soc., 395 (1933).

  3. Goulden, F., and Tipler, M. M., Brit. J. Cancer, 3, 157 (1949). Passey, R. D., Brit. Med. J., ii, 1112 (1922).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Berenblum, I., and Schoental, R., Brit. J. Exp. Path., 24, 232 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Buu-Hoï, Ng. ph., Nature, 182, 1158 (1958). Schoental, R., Nature, 180, 606 (1957). Wynder, E. L., unpublished; quoted by Lyons, M. J., Brit. J. Cancer, 13, 126 (1959). Kotin, P., and Falk, H. L., Cancer, 12, 147 (1959). Kruber, O., and Oberkobusch, R., Chem. Ber., 85, 433 (1952).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Falk, H. L., and Steiner, P. E., Cancer Res., 12, 30 (1952). von Haam, E., and Mallette, F. S., Arch. Indust. Hyg., 6, 237 (1952).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Falk, H. L., Steiner, P. E., Goldfein, S., Breslow, A., and Hykes, R., Cancer Res., 11, 318 (1951).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cooper, R. L., Chem. and Indust., 1364 (1953). Cooper, R. L., and Lindsey, A. J., ibid., 1177, 1260 (1953). Clemo, G. R., ibid., 957 (1953); 38 (1955). Waller, R. E., Brit. J. Cancer, 6, 8 (1952). Leiter, J., Shimkin, M. B., and Shear, M. J., J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 3, 155 (1942). Shore, V. C., and Katz, M., Analyt. Chem., 28, 1399 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kotin, P., Cancer Res., 16, 375 (1956).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gilbert, J. A. S., and Lindsey, A. J., Chem. and Indust., 927 (1956).

  11. Kuratsune, M., and Hueper, W. C., J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 20, 37 (1958).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hougen, F. W., Chem. and Indust., 192 (1954).

  13. Cahmann, H. J., and Kuratsune, M., Analyt. Chem., 29, 1312 (1957). Koe, B. K., and Zechmeister, I., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 41, 396 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sulman, E., and Sulman, F., Cancer Res., 6, 366 (1946). Berankova, Z., and Sula, J., Casopis Lekaru, Ceskyeh, 92, 195 (1953); Chem. Abs., 49, 592 (1955). Bailey, E. J., and Dungal, N., Brit. J. Cancer, 12, 348 (1958).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Campbell, J. M., and Lindsey, A. J., Chem. and Indust., 64 (1955); 951 (1957).

  16. Campbell, J. M., and Lindsey, A. J., Brit. J. Cancer, 10, 649 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cooper, R. L., Lindsey, A. J., and Waller, R. E., Chem. and Indust., 1205 (1953); 1418 (1954). Gilbert, J. A. S., and Lindsey, A. J., Brit. J. Cancer, 10, 642 (1956). Bonnet, J., and Neukomm, S., Helv. Chim. Acta, 39, 1724 (1956). Patton, H. W., and Touey, G. P., Analyt. Chem., 28, 1685 (1956). Philippe, R. J., and Hobbs, M. E., ibid., 28, 2002 (1956). Gilbert, J. A. S., and Lindsey, A. J., Brit. J. Cancer, 10, 646 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Badger, G. M., Buttery, R. G., Kimber, R. W. L., Lewis, G. E., Moritz, A. G., and Napier, I. M., J. Chem. Soc., 2449 (1958).

  19. Berthelot, M., Ann. Chim., 9, 445 (1866).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kennaway, E. L., Brit. Med. J., ii, 1 (1925).

  21. Badger, G. M., Lewis, G. E., and Napier, I. M., J. Chem. Soc. (in the press).

  22. Nieuwland, J. A., and Vogt, R. R., “The Chemistry of Acetylene” (Reinhold, New York, 1945).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fishel, J. B., and Haskins, J. F., Indust. Eng. Chem., 41, 1374 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lam, J., Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand., 39, 198 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lam, J., Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand., 37, 421 (1955); 39, 207 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Schroeter, G., Ber., 57, 1990 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kennaway, E. L., Biochem. J., 24, 497 (1930). Hieger, I., ibid., 24, 505 (1930).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Badger, G. M., and Kimber, R. W. L., J. Chem. Soc., 2453 (1958).

  29. Badger, G. M., and Kimber, R. W. L., J. Chem. Soc., 2455 (1958).

  30. Badger, G. M., and Spotswood, T. M. (unpublished work).

  31. Badger, G. M., and Buttery, R. G., J. Chem. Soc., 2458 (1958).

  32. Badger, G. M., and Spotswood, T. M., J. Chem. Soc., 1635 (1959).

  33. Badger, G. M., and Kimber, R. W. L., J. Chem. Soc. (in the press).

  34. Badger, G. M., and Kimber, R. W. L., J. Chem. Soc. (in the press).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

BADGER, G., KIMBER, R. & SPOTSWOOD, T. Mode of Formation of 3,4-Benzopyrene in Human Environment. Nature 187, 663–665 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1038/187663a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/187663a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing