Abstract
WHEN radioactive contamination occupies an extended area, as, for example, the surface of laboratory benches, its determination by the usual method of β-ray counting is tedious and is relatively not precise. However, the activity can be assessed in this case by a very simple, fast and sensitive method —the discharge of a conductor. The loss of charge of a conductor is due to the aerial ions of opposite sign generated by ionizing radiations, and the method of the discharge of a conductor has formerly been used for routine measurements of atmospheric conductivity1. I can give here only a very brief account of this method, which is based on the relation between the charge Q on a conductor and rate of loss of charge, given by Coulomb2: It can be easily shown that the constant a of Coulomb's equation is equal to 4πnw, n being the number of ions per cm.3 of air surrounding the conductor and w their mobility in the electric field. From (1) we finally get the relation: where K is a constant implying the capacity constants of the measuring device, and t the time which corresponds to the drop of potential from V 0 to V t. The validity of (2) supposes that V 0, V t and w do not vary during the experiment, a condition practically always fulfilled for laboratory measurements.
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References
Chalmers, J. A., “Atmospheric Electricity” (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1949).
Coulomb, C. A., Mém. de l'Acad., Paris, 616 (1795).
King, L. V., Phil. Mag., (2), 23, 242 (1912).
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BĚHOUNEK, F. Rapid Assessment of Surface Radioactive Contamination. Nature 181, 695–696 (1958). https://doi.org/10.1038/181695a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/181695a0
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