Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Mini Review
  • Published:

Mini-Review

Stem cell transplantation (SCT) for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM)

Abstract

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade lymphoplasmacytoid malignancy of unknown etiology. It primarily affects elderly patients and is characterized by a monoclonal IgM component, varying degrees of cytopenias, lymphadenopathy and manifestations related to hyperviscosity syndromes. WM is usually treated with single agent nucleoside analogues or alkylating agents that often provide high response rates and durable remissions. Recurrence of the disease after primary therapy is not uncommon, and resistance to both alkylating agents and nucleoside analogs eventually emerges. Small numbers of patients have undergone high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with either autologous (nā€‰=ā€‰24) or allogeneic (nā€‰=ā€‰6) stem cell transplantation (SCT) as treatment for this disease. Most patients in both groups achieved remission. Results are promising and a more in-depth analysis of possible applications of this treatment modality is attempted with this mini-review.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dimopoulos MA, Panayiotidis P, Moulopoulos LA et al. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: clinical features, complications, and management J Clin Oncol 2000 18: 214 226

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  2. Gobbi PG, Bottini R, Montecucco C et al. Study of prognosis in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: a proposal for a simple binary classification with clinical and investigational utility Blood 1994 83: 2939 2945

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  3. Facon T, Brouillard M, Duhamel A et al. Prognostic factors in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: a report of 167 cases J Clin Oncol 1993 11: 1553 1558

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  4. Dimopoulos MA, Alexanian R . Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Blood 1994 83: 1452 1459

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  5. Dhodapkar MV, Jacobson JL, Gertz MA et al. Prognostic factors and response to fludarabine therapy in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: results of United States intergroup trial (Southwest Oncology Group S9003) Blood 2001 98: 41 48

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  6. Legouffe E, Rossi JF, Laporte JP et al. Treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with very low doses of alpha interferon Leuk Lymphoma 1995 19: 337 342

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  7. Weide R, Heymanns J, Koppler H . Induction of complete haematological remission after monotherapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (RITUXIMAB) in a patient with alkylating agent resistant Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia Leuk Lymphoma 1999 36: 203 206

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  8. Dimopoulos MA, Zomas A, Viniou NA et al. Treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with thalidomide J Clin Oncol 2001 19: 3596 3601

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  9. Desikan R, Dhodapkar M, Siegel D et al. High-dose therapy with autologous haemopoietic stem cell support for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia Br J Haematol 1999 105: 993 996

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  10. Dreger P, Glass B, Kuse R et al. Myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by reinfusion of purged autologous stem cells for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia Br J Haematol 1999 106: 115 118

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  11. Anagnostopoulos A, Dimopoulos MA, Aleman A et al. High-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantation in patients with resistant Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Bone Marrow Transplant 2001 27: 1027 1029

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  12. Moustafa MPJ, Treleaven J, Horton C, Sirohi B . Total therapy with VAMP/CVAMP+ high dose melphalan and autograft for IgM lymphoplasmacytoid disease Blood 1998 92: (Suppl. 1) (Abstr. 4212)

  13. Mazza P, Palazzo G, Amurri B et al. Analysis of feasibility of myeloablative therapy and autologous peripheral stem cell (PBSC) transplantation in the elderly: an interim report Bone Marrow Transplant 1999 23: 1273 1278

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  14. Ueda T, Hatanaka K, Kosugi S et al. Successful non-myeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with severe pancytopenia Bone Marrow Transplant 2001 28: 609 611

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  15. Yang L, Wen B, Li H et al. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Bone Marrow Transplant 1999 24: 929 930

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  16. Martino R, Shah A, Romero P et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for advanced Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Bone Marrow Transplant 1999 23: 747 749

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  17. Dimopoulos MA, Kantarjian H, Weber D et al. Primary therapy of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine J Clin Oncol 1994 12: 2694 2698

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  18. Fridrik MA, Jager G, Baldinger C et al. First-line treatment of Waldenstrom's disease with cladribine Ann Hematol 1997 74: 7 10

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  19. Dimopoulos MA, Weber D, Delasalle KB et al. Treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia resistant to standard therapy with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine: identification of prognostic factors Ann Oncol 1995 6: 49 52

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  20. Delannoy A, van den Neste E, Michaux JL et al. Cladribine for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia Br J Haematol 1999 104: 933 934

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  21. Liu ES, Burian C, Miller WE, Saven A . Bolus administration of cladribine in the treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia Br J Haematol 1998 103: 690 695

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  22. Morel P, Monconduit M, Jacomy D et al. patients with the description of a new scoring system and its validation on 253 other patients Blood 2000 96: 852 858

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  23. McLaughlin P, Robertson LE, Keating MJ . Fludarabine phosphate in lymphoma: an important new therapeutic agent Cancer Treat Res 1996 85: 3 14

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  24. O'Brien S, Kantarjian H, Beran M et al. Results of fludarabine and prednisone therapy in 264 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with multivariate analysis-derived prognostic model for response to treatment Blood 1993 82: 1695 1700

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  25. Ketterer N, Salles G, Moullet I et al. Factors associated with successful mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells in 200 patients with lymphoid malignancies Br J Haematol 1998 103: 235 242

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  26. Visani G, Lemoli RM, Tosi P et al. Fludarabine-containing regimens severely impair peripheral blood stem cells mobilization and collection in acute myeloid leukaemia patients Br J Haematol 1999 105: 775 779

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  27. Michallet M, Thiebaut A, Dreger P . Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and transplantation after fludarabine therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): a report of theEuropean Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) CLL subcommittee on behalf of the EBMT Chronic Leukaemias Working Party (CLWP) Br J Haematol 2000 108: 595 600

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  28. Khouri IF, Keating M, Korbling M et al. Transplant-lite: induction of graft-versus-malignancy using fludarabine- based nonablative chemotherapy and allogeneic blood progenitor-cell transplantation as treatment for lymphoid malignancies J Clin Oncol 1998 16: 2817 2824

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  29. Giralt S, Estey E, Albitar M et al. Engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells with purine analog-containing chemotherapy: harnessing graft-versus-leukemia without myeloablative therapy Blood 1997 89: 4531 4536

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  30. McSweeney PA, Niederwieser D, Shizuru JA et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in older patients with hematologic malignancies: replacing high-dose cytotoxic therapy with graft-versus- tumor effects Blood 2001 97: 3390 3400

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  31. Slavin S, Or R, Aker M, Shapira MY et al. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation for the treatment of cancer and life-threatening nonmalignant disorders: past accomplishments and future goals Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2001 48: (Suppl. 1) S79 84

    ArticleĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  32. van Besien KW, Mehra R, Giralt SA et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for poor prognosis lymphoma: response, toxicity and survival depend on disease histology Am J Med 1996 100: 299 307

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  33. Khouri I, Lee MS, Palmer L et al. Transplant-lite using fludarabine cyclophosphamide and allogeneic stem cell transplant for low grade lymphoma Blood 1999 94: (Suppl. 1) 348a

    Google ScholarĀ 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anagnostopoulos, A., Giralt, S. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). Bone Marrow Transplant 29, 943ā€“947 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1703580

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1703580

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links