Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Efficacy of αs1-casein hydrolysate on stress-related symptoms in women

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 61, pages 536–541 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective:

To examine the effects of αs1-casein hydrolysate on females with stress-related symptoms.

Design:

Double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting:

The αs1-casein hydrolysate was manufactured by INGREDIA (Arras, France) and the placebo was manufactured by DIETAROMA (Bourg, France). Study was designed and performed at PROCLAIM (Rennes, France), and the statistical analyses were performed by D Desor (Nancy, France).

Subjects:

A total of 63 female volunteers suffering from at least one disorder that may be related to stress such as anxiety, sleep problems and general fatigue.

Interventions:

A total of 63 volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either tablets containing αs1-casein hydrolysate or placebo at the dose of 150 mg/day for 30 days. After a 3 weeks washout period, they were crossed over for a new 30-day period of tablets intake. The outcome measure was a questionnaire including 44 items of symptoms that may be related stress in which the severity of each sign was evaluated using a 10-degree scale. These measures were studied repeatedly at the day of 0, 15 and 30 after the start of each interventional period.

Results:

The 30-day treatment by αs1-casein hydrolysate in females with stress-related symptoms reduced their symptoms, particularly in digestion (P<0.01), cardiovascular (P<0.05), intellectual (P<0.01), emotional (P<0.05) and social problems (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

This study showed that a 30-day ingestion of αs1-casein hydrolysate decreased the stress-related symptoms in females suggesting that this product may be used as an effective functional ingredient alleviating such symptoms.

Sponsorship:

This study was partially supported by the INGREDIA of France and Neurobiology Research Program from the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology (2004-01757) of Korea.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

from$1.95

to$39.95

Learn more

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1

References

  • Berk M, Dodd S (2005). Antidepressants and the placebo response. Hum Psychopharmacol 5, 305–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boiten FA, Frijda NH, Wientjes CJE (1994). Emotions and respiratory patterns: review and critical analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 17, 103–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buguet A, Bourdon L, Canini F, Cespuglio R, Padomski M (1994). Sommeil et stress: exercise physique et environment extreme. Revue Scientifique et Technique de la Defense 41, 187–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo J, Malarkey W, Kiecolt-Glaser J, Uchino BN, Sgoutas-Emch SA, Sheridan JF et al. (1995). Heterogeneity in neuroendocrine and immune response to brief psychological stressors as a function of autonomic cardiac activation. Psychosomat Med 57, 154–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson NR (1994). Physiology of Behavior. Allyn and Bacon: Massachusetts, pp 359–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabance B, Jollès P, Izquierdo C, Mazoyer E, Francoual C, Drouet L et al. (1995). Characterization of an anti-thrombotic peptide from κ-casein in newborn plasma after milk ingestion. Br J Nutr 73, 583–590.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clare DA, Swaisgood HE (2000). Bioactive milk peptides: a prospectus. J Dairy Sci 83, 1187–1195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Quervain DJF, Roozendaal B, McGaugh JL (1998). Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory. Nature 394, 787–790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engler MB, Engler MM (1995). Assessment of the cardiovascular effects of stress. J Cardiovasc Nurs 10, 51–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreri M, Von Frenckell R, Mirabel V, Tawil S, Alby JM (1988). A new scale of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of anxiety: the Ferreri Anxiety Rating Diagram (FARD). Encephale 14 (5), 385–393.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton M (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 6, 278–296.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotta M, Shibasaki T, Arai K, Demura H (1999). Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 mediates emotional stress-induced inhibition of food intake and behavioral changes in rats. Brain Res 823, 221–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ilardo C, Toniolo AM, Aimone-Gastin I, Abdelmouttaleb I, Guéant JL, Desor D (2001). Effects of psycho-physiological stress (competitive rafting) on saliva interleukin-1 bata. Stress Health 17, 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafleur J, Béliveau R (1994). Les quatre cles de l'equilibre personnel. les Editions Logiques Inc.: Outremont, Canada, pp 273.

  • Larson MR, Ader R, Moynihan JA (2001). Heart rate, neuroendocirne, and immunological reactivity in response to an acute laboratory stressor. Psychosomat Med 63, 493–501.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lecouvey M, Frochot C, Miclo L, Orlewski P, Driou A, Linden G et al. (1997a). Two-dimensional 1H-MNR and CD structural analysis in a micellar medium of a bovine αs1-casein fragment having benzodiazepine-like properties. Eur J Biochem 248, 872–878.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lecouvey M, Frochot C, Miclo L, Orlewski P, Marraud M, Gaillard JL et al. (1997b). Conformational studies of a benzodiazepine like-peptide in SDS micelles by circular dichroism, 1H NMR and molecular dynamics stimulation. Lett Pept Sci 4, 357–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee YS, Noguchi T, Naito H (1979). An enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium in the rat directly attributed to dietary casein. Agric Biol Chem 43, 2009–2011.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Léonil J, Bosc C, Maubois JL, Tomé D (2001). Protéins. In: Debry G, coordinateur, Tec et Doc (eds). Lait, Nutrition et Santé. Deuxième partie: Le lait et ses constituants: biodisponibilité et valeur nutritionnelle. pp 43–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier W, Buller R, Philipp M, Heuser I (1988). The Hamilton Anxiety Scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 14, 61–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama S, Mitachi H, Awaya J, Kurono M, Tomizuka N, Susuki H (1987). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of the C-terminal hexapeptide of αs1-casein. Agric Biol Chem 51, 2557–2561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS (2005). Glucocorticoids, depression, and mood disorders: structural remodeling in the brain. Metabolism 54 (Suppl 1), 20–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisel H (1997). Biochemical properties of regulatory peptides derived from milk proteins. Biopolymers 43, 119–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisel H, FitzGerald RJ (2000). Opioid peptides encrypted in intact milk protein sequences. Br J Nutr 84 (Suppl 1), S27–S31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier JC, Grosclaude F, Ribadeau-Dumas B (1970). Primary structure of bovine alpha S1 casein partial sequence. Eur J Biochem 16 (3), 453–460.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messaoudi M, Lefranc-Millot C, Desor D, Demagny B, Bourdon L (2004). Effects of a tryptic hydrolysate from bovine milk alphaS1-casein on hemodynamic responses in healthy human volunteers facing successive mental and physical stress situations. Eur J Nutr 44, 128–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miclo L, Perrin E, Driou A, Papadopoulos V, Boujrad N, Vanderesse R et al. (2001). Characterization of alpha-casozepine, a tryptic peptide from bovine alpha(s1)-casein with benzodiazepine-like activity. FASEB J 15 (10), 1780–1782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murison R (2000). Ulceration gastric. In: Fink G (ed). Encyclopedia of stress. San Diego: Academic Press. Vol. 3, pp 631–634.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odagiri S (1985). Recent studies on casein in bovine milk. Food Sci 18 (2), 40–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacak K, Palkovits M (2001). Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: implications for stress-related disorders. Rev 22 (4), 502–548.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt J, Barlow D, Hend WC, Snatrilli TV (1974). Macrophages and the protective action of breast milk on necrosis enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 8, 384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapolsky RM (1997). McEwen-induced modulation of endocrine history: a partial review. Stress 2 (1), 1–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Totima M, Takase M, Bellamy W, Shimamura S (1994). A review: the active peptides of lactoferrin. Acta Paedtr Japan 36, 585–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrijkotte TG, van Doornen LJ, de Geus EJ (2000). Effects of work stress on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Hypertension 35, 880–886.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman MM, Klerman GL (1992). Depression: current understanding and changing trends. Annu Rev Public Health 13, 319–339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

    J H Kim, K H Pyun & I Shim

  2. Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales, Unité de recherche sur l'Animal et les Produits Animaux, Université Henri Poincaré, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Faculté des Sciences, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy Cedex, France

    D Desor

  3. Department of Pharmaceuticals and Health Foods, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, Korea

    Y T Kim & W J Yoon

  4. Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

    K S Kim

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea

    J S Jun

Authors
  1. J H Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D Desor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Y T Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. W J Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. K S Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. J S Jun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. K H Pyun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. I Shim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I Shim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, J., Desor, D., Kim, Y. et al. Efficacy of αs1-casein hydrolysate on stress-related symptoms in women. Eur J Clin Nutr 61, 536–541 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602553

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602553

Keywords

  • casein
  • αs1-casein hydrolysate
  • stress
  • anxiety
  • women

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links