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Evidence for a protective (synergistic?) effect of B-vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 58, pages 732–744 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

The results of dietary intervention trials favor the hypothesis that higher intakes of B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B6 and B12), and subsequently lower total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations, are causally associated with a decreased risk of vascular disease in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The same is true for a higher intake of omega-3 fish fatty acids. Yet, the lack of hard end points and/or appropriate study designs precludes a definitive conclusion about causality. In the future, intervention trials with hard end points and randomized double-blind placebo-controlled designs should be able to elucidate the causality problem. There are several pathways by which B-vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids may exert their protective effect on CVD, a common pathway is a beneficial effect on the endothelial function and hemostasis. With respect to synergy between B-vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, there is no evidence that fish oils have a tHcy-lowering effect beyond the effect of the B-vitamins. Nevertheless, animal studies clearly illustrate that vitamin B6- as well as folate-metabolism are linked with those of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, a human study indicated synergistic effects of folic acid (synthetic form of folate) and vitamin B6 together with omega-3 fatty acids on the atherogenic index and the fibrinogen concentration. Although these results are promising, they were produced in very small selective study populations. Thus, confirmation in large well-designed intervention trials is warranted.

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    A de Bree, L I Mennen, S Hercberg & P Galan

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Contributors: AdB was responsible for the study concept, the literature search and the writing of the manuscript. LIM, PG and SH were responsible for critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

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de Bree, A., Mennen, L., Hercberg, S. et al. Evidence for a protective (synergistic?) effect of B-vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 58, 732–744 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601871

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