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Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 56, pages 1049–1071 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states.

Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety.

Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Mrs Luigina Mei for editorial assistance.

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Author notes

  1. LS Augustin: Guarantor: L Augustin.

  2. LS Augustin, S Franceschi, DJA Jenkins, CWC Kendall and C La Vecchia: Contributors: SF and LA were responsible for the concept of writing a comprehensive review on the topic of the glycemic index in chronic disease. LA was responsible for writing the review. DJ and CK contributed with their expertise on glycemic index, coronary heart disease and diabetes. CLV and SF contributed with their expertise on cancer and epidemiology. All authors read the report and made suggestions.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Italy

    LS Augustin & S Franceschi

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada

    LS Augustin, DJA Jenkins & CWC Kendall

  3. Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada

    DJA Jenkins & CWC Kendall

  4. Field and Intervention Studies Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

    S Franceschi

  5. Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Milano, Italy

    C La Vecchia

  6. Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy

    C La Vecchia

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Correspondence to LS Augustin.

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Augustin, L., Franceschi, S., Jenkins, D. et al. Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review. Eur J Clin Nutr 56, 1049–1071 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601454

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