Abstract
IT was proposed by Kramer1 that a film below a certain 'transition temperature' is mainly amorphous, though containing some regions of normal metal, and that at the transition temperature the film is converted completely into the normal crystalline metal. The transition temperature was given by an empirical formula in terms of atomic volume, conductivity, and the number of free electrons per atom (N) in the normal metal. Structural changes have been shown to occur by different investigators2, and have been discussed by them and others3. It has not always been observed that the structural changes occur at a sharply defined critical temperature, and theories alternative to that of Kramer have been proposed.
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References
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WRIGHT, D. Structure and Resistance of Thin Metal Films. Nature 140, 107–108 (1937). https://doi.org/10.1038/140107b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/140107b0
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