Abstract
EMBRYONIC organizers, discovered in the Amphibia by Spemann1, have since been found also in birds (Waddington2) and fish (Luther, Oppenheimer3). It seems probable that embryonic determination is brought about in the same way in all groups of vertebrates, and rather similar conditions have been found in some invertebrates. Previous work on mammalian embryos has, however, produced very little definite evidence in support of this suggestion. The occurrence of identical twins shows that regulation is possible in very early stages (see Nicholas4), while several authors have described apparently mosaic development of parts isolated from early somite, or later, stages.
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References
H. Spemann, Arch. Entw-mech., 43, 448–577 (1918).
C. H. Waddington, NATURE, 125, 924 (1930). Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., B, 221, 179 (1932).
W. Luther, Biol. CentralBl, 55, 114 (1935). Oppenheimer Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 20, 536 (1934).
J. S. Nicholas, Anat. Rec., 55, 31 (1933).
C. H. Waddington, J. Exp. Biol. 11, 224 (1934).
C. H. Waddington and A. J. Waterman, J. Anat., 67, 356 (1933).
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WADDINGTON, C. Organizers in Mammalian Development. Nature 138, 125 (1936). https://doi.org/10.1038/138125a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/138125a0
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