Abstract
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is thought to exert antiapoptotic effects in cancer. Here we show that the tumor suppressor p53 upregulated Cox-2 in esophageal and colon cancer cell lines by inducing the binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) to its response element in the COX-2 promoter. Inhibition of NF-kappaB prevented p53 induction of Cox-2 expression. Cooperation between p53 and NF-kappaB was required for activation of COX-2 promoter in response to daunomycin, a DNA-damaging agent. Pharmacological inhibition of Cox-2 enhanced apoptosis in response to daunomycin, in particular in cells containing active p53. In esophageal cancer, there was a correlation between Cox-2 expression and wild-type TP53 in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and in adenocarcinoma, but not in squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.01). These results suggest that p53 and NF-kappaB cooperate in upregulating Cox-2 expression, promoting cell survival in inflammatory precursor lesions such as BE.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Mrs G Martel-Planche and Mrs N Lyandrat for technical assistance with TP53 mutation analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We are also grateful to Dr X de Leval (Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Liège, Belgium) for providing Cox-2 inhibitors. E de Moraes was supported by a PhD fellowship from CAPES-COFECUB. V Benoit, M-P Merville and A Chariot, are respectively, senior research assistant and research associates at the National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium). NA Dar is supported by a Special Training Award from IARC. This research was supported by ‘subvention libre’ from ARC (French Association Against Cancer) and by grants from Leon Fredericq Foundation, ‘Centre Anticancéreux de l'Université de Liège, Télévie, Belgian Federation against cancer and National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium).
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Benoit, V., de Moraes, E., Dar, N. et al. Transcriptional activation of cyclooxygenase-2 by tumor suppressor p53 requires nuclear factor-kappaB. Oncogene 25, 5708–5718 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209579
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209579
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