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Ionizing radiation enhances therapeutic activity of mda-7/IL-24: overcoming radiation- and mda-7/IL-24-resistance in prostate cancer cells overexpressing the antiapoptotic proteins bcl-xL or bcl-2

Abstract

Subtraction hybridization applied to terminally differentiating human melanoma cells identified mda-7/IL-24, a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 gene superfamily. Adenoviral-mediated delivery of mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7) provokes apoptosis selectively in a wide spectrum of cancers in vitro in cell culture, in vivo in human tumor xenograft animal models and in patients with advanced carcinomas and melanomas. In human prostate cancer cells, a role for mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of reactive oxygen species in the apoptotic process has been established. Ectopic overexpression of bcl-xL and bcl-2 prevents these changes including apoptosis induction in prostate tumor cells by Ad.mda-7. We now document that this resistance to apoptosis can be reversed by treating bcl-2 family overexpressing prostate tumor cells with ionizing radiation in combination with Ad.mda-7 or purified GST-MDA-7 protein. Additionally, radiation augments apoptosis induction by mda-7/IL-24 in parental and neomycin-resistant prostate tumor cells. Radiosensitization to mda-7/IL-24 is dependent on JNK signaling, as treatment with the JNK 1/2/3 inhibitor SP600125 abolishes this effect. Considering that elevated expression of bcl-xL and bcl-2 are frequent events in prostate cancer development and progression, the present studies support the use of ionizing radiation in combination with mda-7/IL-24 as a means of augmenting the therapeutic benefit of this gene in prostate cancer, particularly in the context of tumors displaying resistance to radiation therapy owing to bcl-2 family member overexpression.

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Abbreviations

mda-7:

melanoma differentiation associated gene-7

IL-24:

interleukin-24

Ad.mda-7:

adenovirus administered mda-7

PFU:

plaque-forming units

IR:

ionizing radiation

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

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Acknowledgements

The present studies were supported in part by: NIH/NCI Grants R01 CA097318, R01 CA098712 and P01 CA104177, the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation, and the Chernow Endowment (P. B. F.); NIH Grants DK52585, R01 CA88906, R01 CA72955 and P01 CA104177 (P.D.); CaP CURE and GM60554 (J. C. R.). P. B. F. is the Michael and Stella Chernow Urological Cancer Research Scientist and a SWCRF Investigator. P. D. holds the Universal Leaf Professorship in Signaling.

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Su, ZZ., Lebedeva, I., Sarkar, D. et al. Ionizing radiation enhances therapeutic activity of mda-7/IL-24: overcoming radiation- and mda-7/IL-24-resistance in prostate cancer cells overexpressing the antiapoptotic proteins bcl-xL or bcl-2. Oncogene 25, 2339–2348 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209271

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