Abstract
Breast tumors are usually classified according to their response to estrogens as hormone-dependent or -independent. In this work, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α on the estrogen-receptor-positive T47D breast ductal tumor cells. We have found that TNF-α exerts a mitogenic effect, inducing cyclin D1 expression and activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Importantly, activation of NF-κB was required for estrogen-induced proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. TNF-α enhanced the estrogen response by increasing the levels and availability of NF-κB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that the action of estrogens is mediated by a protein complex that contains the activated estrogen receptor, the nuclear receptor coactivator RAC3 and a member of the NF-κB family. Finally, our results demonstrate that activation of this transcription factor could be one of the key signals for estrogen-mediated response.
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Abbreviations
- TRADD:
-
TNF receptor-associated death domain
- FADD:
-
FAS-associated death domain
- ER:
-
estrogen receptor
- SZ:
-
sulfasalazine
- 17E:
-
17-β-estradiol
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Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by grants from the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica and Fundación Antorchas, Argentina. We thank Dr Claudio Pereira, Dr Estela Medrano, Dr Christiane D Pasqualini and Dr Omar Coso for comments about the manuscript. We also thank Dr Nancy Hynes for kindly providing us the HC11 mouse mammary cell line, and Dr Fernando Pitossi, who has provided the adenoviral vector used in this work.
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Rubio, M., Werbajh, S., Cafferata, E. et al. TNF-α enhances estrogen-induced cell proliferation of estrogen-dependent breast tumor cells through a complex containing nuclear factor-kappa B. Oncogene 25, 1367–1377 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209176
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209176
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