Abstract
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a potent DNA tumor virus that is known to induce primary brain cancers and lymphomas in laboratory animals. SV40 oncogenesis is mediated by the viral large tumor antigen (T-ag), which inactivates the tumor-suppressor proteins p53 and pRb family members. During the last decade, independent studies using different molecular biology techniques have shown the presence of SV40 DNA, T-ag, or other viral markers in primary human brain cancers, and a systematic assessment of the data indicates that the virus is significantly associated with this group of human tumors. In addition, recent large independent studies showed that SV40 T-ag DNA is significantly associated with human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although the prevalence of SV40 infections in humans is not known, numerous observations suggest that SV40 is a pathogen in the human population today. This review examines the molecular biology, pathology, and clinical data implicating SV40 in the pathogenesis of primary human brain cancers and NHL and discusses future research directions needed to define a possible etiologic role for SV40 in these malignancies.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 50 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $5.18 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali SH and DeCaprio JA . (2001). Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, 15–23.
American Cancer Society (2002). Cancer facts and figures 2002.
Arrington AS and Butel JS . (2001). Human Polyoma-viruses: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives. Khalili K and Stoner GL (eds). John Wiley & Sons: New York, pp. 461–489.
Bergsagel DJ, Finegold MJ, Butel JS, Kupsky WJ and Garcea RL . (1992). N. Engl. J. Med., 326, 988–993.
Bocchetta M, Miele L, Pass HI and Carbone M . (2003). Oncogene., 22, 81–89.
Butel JS . (2000). Carcinogenesis, 21, 405–426.
Butel JS, Jafar S, Wong C, Arrington AS, Opekun AR, Finegold MJ and Adam E . (1999). Hum. Pathol., 30, 1496–1502.
Butel JS and Lednicky JA . (1999). J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 91, 119–134.
Butel JS, Tevethia SS and Melnick JL . (1972). Adv. Cancer Res., 15, 1–55.
Cacciotti P, Libener R, Betta P, Martini F, Porta C, Procopio A, Strizzi L, Penengo L, Tognon M, Mutti L and Gaudino G . (2001). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 12032–12037.
Cacciotti P, Strizzi L, Vianale G, Iaccheri L, Libener R, Porta C, Tognon M, Gaudino G and Mutti L . (2002). Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 26, 189–193.
Carbone M, Rizzo P, Grimley PM, Procopio A, Mew DJ, Shridhar V, de Bartolomeis A, Esposito V, Giuliano MT, Steinberg SM, Levine AS, Giordano A and Pass HI . (1997a). Nat. Med., 3, 908–912.
Carbone M, Rizzo P and Pass HI . (1997b). Oncogene, 15, 1877–1888.
Carroll-Pankhurst C, Engels EA, Strickler HD, Goedert JJ, Wagner J and Mortimer Jr EA . (2001). Br. J. Cancer, 85, 1295–1297.
Cicala C, Pompetti F, Nguyen P, Dixon K, Levine AS and Carbone M . (1992). Virology, 190, 475–479.
Coe JE and Green I . (1975). J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 54, 269–270.
David H, Mendoza S, Konishi T and Miller CW . (2001). Cancer Lett., 162, 57–64.
De Luca A, Baldi A, Esposito V, Howard CM, Bagella L, Rizzo P, Caputi M, Pass HI, Giordano GG, Baldi F, Carbone M and Giordano A . (1997). Nat. Med., 3, 913–916.
Diamandopoulos GT . (1972). Science, 176, 173–175.
Dorries K, Loeber G and Meixensberger J . (1987). Virology, 160, 268–270.
Eddy BE, Borman GS, Grubbs GE and Young RD . (1962). Virology, 17, 65–75.
Engels EA, Sarkar C, Daniel RW, Gravitt PE, Verma K, Quezado M and Shah KV . (2002). Int. J. Cancer, 101, 348–352.
Farwell JR, Dohrmann GJ, Marrett LD and Meigs JW . (1979). Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc., 104, 261–264.
Fisher SG, Weber L and Carbone M . (1999). Anticancer Res., 19, 2173–2180.
Foddis R, De Rienzo A, Broccoli D, Bocchetta M, Stekala E, Rizzo P, Tosolini A, Grobelny JV, Jhanwar SC, Pass HI, Testa JR and Carbone M . (2002). Oncogene, 21, 1434–1442.
Fraumeni JF, Ederer F and Miller RW . (1963). JAMA, 185, 85–90.
Geissler E . (1990). Prog. Med. Virol., 37, 211–222.
Gerard L, Agbalika F, Sheldon J, Maillard A, Schulz TF and Oksenhendler E . (2001). J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 26, 182–184.
Girardi AJ, Sweet BH, Slotnick VB and Hilleman MR . (1962). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 109, 649–660.
Gomez-Brouchet A, Delisle MB, Vital A and Brousset P . (2001). J. Clin. Pathol., 54, 617–618.
Heinonen OP, Shapiro S, Monson RR, Hartz SC, Rosenberg L and Slone D . (1973). Int. J. Epidemiol., 2, 229–235.
Huang H, Reis R, Yonekawa Y, Lopes JM, Kleihues P and Ohgaki H . (1999). Brain Pathol., 9, 33–42.
Ibelgaufts H and Jones KW . (1982). Acta Neuropathol. (Berlin), 56, 118–122.
Innis MD . (1968). Nature, 219, 972–973.
Jafar S, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Graham DY and Butel JS . (1998). J. Med. Virol., 54, 276–284.
Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H and Vardiman JW . (2001). World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. IARC Press: Lyon.
Jasani B, Cristaudo A, Emri SA, Gazdar AF, Gibbs A, Krynska B, Miller C, Mutti L, Radu C, Tognon M and Procopio A . (2001). Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, 49–61.
Kleihues P and Cavenee WK . (2000). World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. IARC Press: Lyon.
Kouhata T, Fukuyama K, Hagihara N and Tabuchi K . (2001). J. Neurosurg., 95, 96–101.
Krieg P, Amtmann E, Jonas D, Fischer H, Zang K and Sauer G . (1981). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 6446–6450.
Krynska B, Del Valle L, Croul S, Gordon J, Katsetos CD, Carbone M, Giordano A and Khalili K . (1999). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 11519–11524.
L'Abbe KA, Detsky AS and O’Rourke K . (1987). Ann. Intern. Med., 107, 224–233.
Lednicky JA and Butel JS . (1999). Front. Biosci., 4, 153–164.
Lednicky JA, Garcea RL, Bergsagel DJ and Butel JS . (1995). Virology, 212, 710–717.
Lewis Jr AM . (1973). Biohazards in Biological Research. Hellman A, Oxman MN, Pollack R (eds). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 96–113.
Li RM, Branton MH, Tanawattanacharoen S, Falk RA, Jennette JC and Kopp JB . (2002). J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 13, 2320–2330.
Malkin D, Chilton-MacNeill S, Meister LA, Sexsmith E, Diller L and Garcea RL . (2001). Oncogene, 20, 4441–4449.
Martini F, Dolcetti R, Gloghini A, Iaccheri L, Carbone A, Boiocchi M and Tognon M . (1998). Int. J. Cancer, 78, 669–674.
Martini F, Iaccheri L, Lazzarin L, Carinci P, Corallini A, Gerosa M, Iuzzolino P, Barbanti-Brodano G and Tognon M . (1996). Cancer Res., 56, 4820–4825.
Martini F, Lazzarin L, Iaccheri L, Vignocchi B, Finocchiaro G, Magnani I, Serra M, Scotlandi K, Barbanti-Brodano G and Tognon M . (2002). Cancer, 94, 1037–1048.
Meinke W, Goldstein DA and Smith RA . (1979). Neurology, 29, 1590–1594.
Mendoza SM, Konishi T and Miller CW . (1998). Oncogene, 17, 2457–2462.
Ohgaki H, Huang H, Haltia M, Vainio H and Kleihues P . (2000). J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, 495–497.
Olin P and Giesecke J . (1998). Dev. Biol. Stand., 94, 227–233.
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Live Poliovirus Vaccines. Papers presented and discussions held (1960). Pan American Health Organization: Washington, DC, Scientific Publication No. 50.
Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Clegg L and Edwards BK . (2001). SEER cancer statistics review, 1973–1998. National Cancer Institute: Bethesda, MD, available at http://seer.cancer.gov/Publications/CSR1973_1998.
Rizzo P, Carbone M, Fisher SG, Matker C, Swinnen LJ, Powers A, Di Resta I, Alkan S, Pass HI and Fisher RI . (1999a). Chest, 116, 470S–473S.
Rizzo P, Di Resta I, Powers A, Ratner H and Carbone M . (1999b). Cancer Res., 59, 6103–6108.
Rollison DEM and Shah KV . (2001). Human Polyomaviruses: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives. Khalili K, Stoner GL (eds). Wiley-Liss, Inc.: New York, pp. 561–584.
Shivapurkar N, Harada K, Reddy J, Scheuermann RH, Xu Y, McKenna RW, Milchgrub S, Kroft SH, Feng Z and Gazdar AF . (2002). Lancet, 359, 851–852.
Shivapurkar N, Wiethege T, Wistuba II, Milchgrub S, Muller KM and Gazdar AF . (2000). Int. J. Cancer, 85, 743–745.
Stewart AM and Hewitt D . (1965). Lancet, 2, 789–790.
Stratton K, Almario DA and McCormick MC (2003) Immunization Safety Review: SV40 Contamination of Polio Vaccine and Cancer. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC (in press).
Strickler HD, Rosenberg PS, Devesa SS, Hertel J, Fraumeni JFJ and Goedert JJ . (1998). JAMA, 279, 292–295.
Sullivan CS and Pipas JM . (2002). Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 66, 179–202.
Suzuki SO, Mizoguchi M and Iwaki T . (1997). Brain Tumor Pathol., 14, 125–129.
Tabuchi K, Kirsch WM, Low M, Gaskin D, Van Buskirk J and Maa S . (1978). Int. J. Cancer, 21, 12–17.
Toyooka S, Carbone M, Toyooka KO, Bocchetta M, Shivapurkar N, Minna JD and Gazdar AF . (2002). Oncogene, 21, 4340–4344.
Vastag B . (2002). JAMA, 288, 1337–1338.
Vilchez RA, Kozinetz CA, Arrington AS, Madden CR and Butel JS . (2003a). Am. J. Med., 114, 675–684.
Vilchez RA, Kozinetz CA and Butel JS . (2003b). Lancet Oncol. 4, 188–191.
Vilchez RA, Lednicky JA, Halvorson SJ, White ZS, Kozinetz CA and Butel JS . (2002a). J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 29, 109–116.
Vilchez RA, Madden CR, Kozinetz CA, Halvorson SJ, White ZS, Jorgensen JL, Finch CJ and Butel JS . (2002b). Lancet, 359, 817–823.
Weggen S, Bayer TA, Von Deimling A, Reifenberger G, Von Schweinitz D, Wiestler OD and Pietsch T . (2000). Brain Pathol., 10, 85–92.
Weiss AF, Portmann R, Fischer H, Simon J and Zang KD . (1975). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 609–613.
Zhen HN, Zhang X, Bu XY, Zhang ZW, Huang WJ, Zhang P, Liang JW and Wang XL . (1999). Cancer, 86, 2124–2132.
Zhu Y and Parada LF . (2002). Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 616–626.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported in part by Grant Number R21 CA96951 from the National Cancer Institute. Dr Vilchez is the recipient of the 2001 Junior Faculty Development Award from GlaxoSmithKline and the 2002 Translational Research Award from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vilchez, R., Butel, J. SV40 in human brain cancers and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Oncogene 22, 5164–5172 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206547
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206547
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Patterns of exposure to infectious diseases and social contacts in early life and risk of brain tumours in children and adolescents: an International Case–Control Study (CEFALO)
British Journal of Cancer (2013)
-
Do brain cancer rates correlate with ambient exposure levels of criteria air pollutants or hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)?
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health (2012)
-
Multi-faceted role of HSP40 in cancer
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis (2009)
-
Simian virus 40 in humans
Infectious Agents and Cancer (2007)
-
Early infection and risk of childhood brain tumors (Canada)
Cancer Causes & Control (2006)