Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Original Article
  • Published:

Relation between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and blood pressure in Japanese male subjects

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 17, pages 713–718 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and hypertension. Recent studies of population-based samples of three different areas in Japan presented conflicting results regarding this association. We, thus, investigated the relation between the ACE I/D polymorphism and blood pressure (BP), or the frequency of hypertension, respectively, in 706 Japanese male subjects who participated in the health check-up programme of our hospital. The ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction technique. Of 706 subjects, 203 were found to have hypertension and the other 503 were found to be normotensive. In all subjects, the frequencies of the DD, ID, and II genotypes were 0.123, 0.432, and 0.445, respectively, and the allelic frequency of the D allele was 0.339. In the younger subjects aged <50 years (n=264), neither systolic nor diastolic BP differed significantly among the genotypes. Conversely, in the older subjects aged⩾50 years (n=442), the systolic BP was significantly higher by 5.9 mmHg in the subjects with the ID genotype than those with the II genotype (P<0.01), and the diastolic BP was significantly higher in the subjects with the DD and ID genotypes by 5.1 and 3.3 mmHg, respectively than those with the II genotype (P<0.05 for each), although age, BMI, percentage of smoking habits, drinking habits, or the use of antihypertensive drugs did not differ significantly among the genotypes. In addition, in the older subjects, the hypertensive subjects showed significantly higher frequencies of the DD and ID genotypes and the D allele than the normotensive subjects. These results demonstrated that there was no significant association of the ACE I/D polymorphism with BP or a prevalence of hypertension in younger Japanese men aged <50 years but there was in older Japanese men aged ⩾50 years.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rigat B et al. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1343–1346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Cambien F et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992; 359: 641–644.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Staessen JA et al. The deletion/insertion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and cardiovascular-renal risk. J Hypertens 1997; 15(Part 2): 1579–1592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Samani NJ et al. A meta-analysis of the association of the deletion allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with myocardial infarction. Circulation 1996; 94: 708–712.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Agerholm-Larsen B, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A . ACE gene polymorphism in cardiovascular disease: meta-analyses of small and large studies in whites. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 484–492.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kato N . Genetic analysis in human hypertension. Hypertens Res 2002; 25: 319–327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. O'Donnell CJ et al. Evidence for association and genetic linkage of the angiotensin-converting enzyme locus with hypertension and blood pressure in men but not women in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 97: 1766–1772.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fornage M et al. Variation in the region of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene influences interindividual differences in blood pressure levels in young white males. Circulation 1998; 97: 1773–1779.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Higaki J et al. Deletion allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene increases risk of essential hypertension in Japanese men: the Suita Study. Circulation 2000; 101: 2060–2065.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Turner ST, Boerwinkle E, Sing CF . Context-dependent associations of the ACE I/D polymorphism with blood pressure. Hypertension 1999; 34(Part 2): 773–778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zaman MM et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme genetic polymorphism is not associated with hypertension in a cross-sectional sample of a Japanese population: the Shibata Study. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 47–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Matsubara M et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and hypertension: The Ohasama study. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 1121–1126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. No authors listed. World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Guidelines Subcommittee. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 151–183.

    Google Scholar 

  14. No authors listed. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413–2446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tsukada K et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and cardiovascular endocrine system in coronary angiography patients. Jpn Heart J 1997; 38: 799–810.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Teranishi M, Ono H, Ishimitsu T, Matsuoka H . Insertion/deletion angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism affects the microvascular structure of the kidney in patients with nondiabetic renal disease. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 351–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tiret L et al. Evidence, from combined segregation and linkage analysis, that a variant of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene controls plasma ACE levels. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 51: 197–205.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kotchen JM, McKean HE, Kotchen TA . Blood pressure trends with aging. Hypertension 1982; 4(Part 2): III128–III134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tate RB, Manfreda J, Krahn AD, Cuddy TE . Tracking of blood pressure over a 40-year period in the University of Manitoba Follow-up Study, 1948–1988. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 946–954.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Medicine, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan

    M Todoroki, J Minami, T Ishimitsu & H Matsuoka

  2. Department of Health Care, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan

    M Ohrui

Authors
  1. M Todoroki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J Minami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T Ishimitsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M Ohrui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. H Matsuoka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J Minami.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Todoroki, M., Minami, J., Ishimitsu, T. et al. Relation between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and blood pressure in Japanese male subjects. J Hum Hypertens 17, 713–718 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001601

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001601

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links