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Three major dietary patterns are all independently related to the risk of obesity among 3760 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

International Journal of Obesity volume 32, pages 541–549 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective:

To examine associations between dietary patterns and obesity.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Subjects:

A total of 3760 Japanese female dietetic course students aged 18–20 years from 53 institutions in Japan.

Measurements:

Diet was assessed over a 1-month period with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire with 148 food items, from which 30 food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body height and weight.

Results:

Mean BMI (±s.d.) was 20.9±2.8 kg m−2. Four dietary patterns were identified. After adjustment for several confounding factors and total energy intake, the ‘Healthy’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, potatoes, fish and shellfish, soy products, processed fish, fruit and salted vegetables, was significantly associated with a lower risk of BMI⩾25 (odds ratio of the highest quintile vs lowest, 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.87; P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the ‘Japanese traditional’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of rice, miso soup and soy products, and the ‘Western’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of meats, fats and oils, seasonings, processed meats and eggs, were both significantly associated with an increased risk of BMI⩾25 (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17–2.67; P for trend <0.01 and OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01–2.40; P for trend=0.04, respectively).

Conclusion:

Three major dietary patterns, Healthy, Japanese traditional and Western, were all independently and significantly related to the risk of obesity even among a relatively lean young Japanese female population.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up) (18800049) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Comprehensive Research on Cardiovascular and Life-Style Related Diseases.

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Author notes

  1. Other members of the Freshmen in Dietetic Courses Study II Group have been listed previously (Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61: 616–622).

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan

    H Okubo

  2. Nutritional Epidemiology Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan

    H Okubo, S Sasaki, K Murakami, Y Hosoi & M Itabashi

  3. Division of Basic Sciences, Carcinogenesis Branch, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea

    M K Kim

  4. Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan

    Y Takahashi

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  1. H Okubo
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Correspondence to S Sasaki.

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Okubo, H., Sasaki, S., Murakami, K. et al. Three major dietary patterns are all independently related to the risk of obesity among 3760 Japanese women aged 18–20 years. Int J Obes 32, 541–549 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803737

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803737

Keywords

  • food-based dietary pattern
  • body mass index
  • young Japanese women
  • factor analysis
  • epidemiology

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