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PARIS Academy of Sciences, October 15.—M. Blanchard, president, in the chair.—Note on a formula of Hansen in connection with the mechanism of the heavens, by M. F. Tisserand.—On the omeasurement of the forces brought into play:in the various actions of human locomotion (continued), three illustrations, by M. Maray. By combining the indications obtained from the dynamometer with those yielded by instantaneous photography, a continuous comparison may be made of the forces brought into action with the movements resulting from them. The various applications of these two methods will form the subject of future experiments.—On a memoir by M. Raoult, entitled: “Loi générale de Congelation des Dissolvants,”-report by MM. Cahours, Berthelot, and Debray. Water holding saline bodies in solution freezes at a lower temperature than pure water, and the English physicist Blagden had shown in 1788 that the lowering of the freezing-point due to this cause is in many cases in proportion to the quantity of matter held in solution. This principle is now generalised by M. Raoult, who arrives at the conclusion that the freezing-point of any liquid compounds capable of solidification is lowered by all solid, fluid, or gaseous bodies dissolved in them. The reporters agree with the author that his methods will be found useful in supplying new means for ascertaining by a simple process the degree of purity of given substances.—Trial trip of an electric screw balloon made by MM. A. and G. Tissandier, note by M. G. Tissandier. This preliminary experiment took place at Auteuil on October 8, and was attended by a certain measure of success, although the apparatus proved powerless to prevent the spinning motion of the balloon when heading against aerial currents. The trip will be renewed as soon as certain improvements have been made in the electromotor suggested by this experiment.—Studies made on the summit of the Pic du Midi, with a view to the establishment of a permanent astronomic station, note by MM. Thollon and Trepied.—On the transformation of certain equations of the second degree to two independent variables', and on some integrations thence deducible, by M. R. Liouville.—On a method of isolating the calorific from the luminous and chemical rays, by M. F. van Assche.—On the form and characters of the reflex muscular contraction, by M. H. Beaunis.—On the resisting power of a ring whose outer surface supports a normal pressure constant as to unity of length of its mean axis, by M. Boussinesq.—On surfaces whose total curve is constant, by M. G. Darboux.—Indices of refraction of fluate of lime for the rays of different wave-lengths as far as the extreme ultra-violet, by M. Ed. Sarasin.—Note on a new method of insulating the metallic wires used in telegraphy and telephony, by M. C. Widemann.—Note on the determination of the equivalents of metals by means of their sulphates, by M. H. Baubigny.—On the process at present employed to determine the glucose in cane-sugar, by M. P. Lagrange. The object of this paper is to show that the quantitative analysis of glucose, made on a liquor whether treated or not with subacetate of lead, is liable to serious errors.—Analysis of a specimen of guano from the Cape Verde Islands, by M. A. Andouard.—Zoological dredgings and thermo-metric soundings in the lakes of Savoy, by M. F. A. Forel.—On the organisation of the Spadella Marioni, anew species from the Gulf of Marseilles, by M. P. Gourret.—On some peculiarities in the structure of Tunicata, by M. L. Roule.—Fresh studies on the fossil ruminants of Auvergne, by M. Deperet.—On the treatment of strabismus by means of the capsular “advancement,” by M. L. de Wecker.—On the part played by the ligneous vessels in the upward movement of the sap, by M. J. Vesque.—Note on a lunar mirage observed on the night of October n, by M. Virlet d'Aoust.
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Societies and Academeis . Nature 28, 632 (1883). https://doi.org/10.1038/028632a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/028632a0