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| Open AccessA cross-scale framework for evaluating flexibility values of battery and fuel cell electric vehicles
Electrified transportation exhibits great potential to provide flexibility. This article analyzed and compared the flexibility values of battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles for planning and operating interdependent electricity and hydrogen supply chains.
- Ruixue Liu
- , Guannan He
- & Benben Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and their interconnections over two years in Hong Kong
Understanding factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in an evolving pandemic context is important for future vaccine campaigns. Here, the authors investigate the main drivers of vaccine hesitancy in Hong Kong at different stages of the pandemic, where uptake was initially low despite high availability.
- Jiehu Yuan
- , Yucan Xu
- & Qiuyan Liao
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Article
| Open AccessDiversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health
Food production systems need to balance yield and sustainability. Here, the authors conduct 6 years long crop diversification field experiments in the North China Plain, showing that diversifying cereal monocultures with cash crops and legumes cand improve yield and reduce GHG emissions.
- Xiaolin Yang
- , Jinran Xiong
- & Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
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Article
| Open AccessHigher emissions scenarios lead to more extreme flooding in the United States
This paper assesses future changes in flood magnitude across the conterminous United States based on multiple climate change scenarios. The results suggest that annual maximum peak discharge is projected to become more extreme under higher emission scenarios.
- Hanbeen Kim
- & Gabriele Villarini
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Comment
| Open AccessFrom lab to life: how wearable devices can improve health equity
Wearable devices can provide personalised medicine at the point of need, potentially increasing access to health services and therefore improving health equity. Here the authors discuss their experiences developing wearable devices for vulnerable patient populations, including neonates and pregnant individuals.
- Jessica R. Walter
- , Shuai Xu
- & John A. Rogers
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Article
| Open Accessrworkflows: automating reproducible practices for the R community
Reproducibility is essential for the progress of research, yet achieving it remains elusive even in computational fields. Here, authors develop the rworkflows suite, making robust CI/CD workflows easy and freely accessible to all R package developers.
- Brian M. Schilder
- , Alan E. Murphy
- & Nathan G. Skene
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Article
| Open AccessBehavioral consequences of second-person pronouns in written communications between authors and reviewers of scientific papers
Second-person pronouns, such as “you” and “yours”, are common in human communication. Here, the authors show that in peer review, authors who address reviewers with second person pronouns receive fewer questions, shorter responses, and more positive feedback.
- Zhuanlan Sun
- , C. Clark Cao
- & Chao Ma
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Article
| Open AccessInferring language dispersal patterns with velocity field estimation
Reconstructing language dispersal patterns is important for understanding cultural spread and demic diffusion. Here, the authors use a computational approach based on velocity field estimation to infer the dispersal patterns of Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Bantu, and Arawak language families.
- Sizhe Yang
- , Xiaoru Sun
- & Menghan Zhang
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Comment
| Open AccessOn the need for an anticolonial perspective in engineering education and practice
We examine the call for decolonising academic disciplines, and the extent which this applies to engineering. We argue that anticolonial endeavours should systematically recognise colonial legacy in contemporary science and technology, and reframe technological innovation in light of neocolonial extraction and exploitation.
- Srinjoy Mitra
- , Suvobrata Sarkar
- & Agomoni Ganguli-Mitra
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrating climate change induced flood risk into future population projections
Using historical data across the U.S., the authors find that population declines are associated with flood exposure. Projecting this relationship to 2053, the authors find that flood risk may result in 7% lower growth than otherwise expected.
- Evelyn G. Shu
- , Jeremy R. Porter
- & Edward Kearns
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Article
| Open AccessApproaching national climate targets in China considering the challenge of regional inequality
Aggressive or uniform actions on climate targets may exacerbate regional inequality and induce economic losses in China. The proposed collaborative strategy for carbon neutrality can avoid up to 1.54% of GDP losses while 90% of provinces would gain.
- Biying Yu
- , Zihao Zhao
- & Hua Liao
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Article
| Open AccessGlobal transcontinental power pools for low-carbon electricity
By building transcontinental power pools, Yang and colleagues find global electricity demand can be 100% met by renewables, at an affordable cost.
- Haozhe Yang
- , Ranjit Deshmukh
- & Sangwon Suh
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Article
| Open AccessUncertainties in deforestation emission baseline methodologies and implications for carbon markets
This study reveals high variability in deforestation emission baselines typically used to derive carbon credits, with median error at 0.778 times the actual rate. It underscores the need for enhanced methods to improve carbon market accuracy and reliability.
- Hoong Chen Teo
- , Nicole Hui Li Tan
- & Lian Pin Koh
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| Open AccessA resilient battery electric bus transit system configuration
A resilient battery electric bus transit system design and configuration is proposed. The model is robust against simultaneous charging disruptions without interrupting daily operation. Indeed, additional marginal cost is required, yet it prevents significant service reductions.
- Ahmed Foda
- , Moataz Mohamed
- & Ehab El-Saadany
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Article
| Open AccessEnhanced glacial lake activity threatens numerous communities and infrastructure in the Third Pole
The recent accelerated expansion of glacial lakes and increased glacial lake outburst flood activities in the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings indicate that numerous communities and infrastructure downstream are at a higher flood risk than previously understood.
- Taigang Zhang
- , Weicai Wang
- & Lele Wei
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Article
| Open AccessCalifornia’s zero-emission vehicle adoption brings air quality benefits yet equity gaps persist
Zero-emission vehicle adoption brings near-roadway air quality benefits to all communities in California, yet equity gaps persist in disadvantaged communities, calling for targeted policies.
- Qiao Yu
- , Brian Yueshuai He
- & Yifang Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessProjecting future carbon emissions from cement production in developing countries
The rapid deployment of low-carbon measures is urgently needed to reduce cement emissions as cement CO2 emissions from developing countries will almost deplete the remaining cement emissions budget within climate targets.
- Danyang Cheng
- , David M. Reiner
- & Dabo Guan
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Article
| Open Accessvcfdist: accurately benchmarking phased small variant calls in human genomes
Accurately benchmarking small variant calling accuracy is critical for the continued improvement of human genome sequencing. Here, the authors show that current approaches are biased towards certain variant representations and develop a new approach to ensure consistent and accurate benchmarking, regardless of the original variant representations.
- Tim Dunn
- & Satish Narayanasamy
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Article
| Open AccessLimitations to sustainable renewable jet fuels production attributed to cost than energy-water-food resource availability
This study introduce the Global Biojet Fuel Sustainability Index, a holistic 25-indicator sustainability index encompassing the four domains of energy-water-food nexus and governance, to measure the potential impact of RJF productions on 154 countries/territories through the oil-to-jet, alcohol-to-jet and gas-to-jet conversion methods.
- Cheng Tung Chong
- & Jo-Han Ng
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Comment
| Open AccessAccelerating African neuroscience to provide an equitable framework using perspectives from West and Southern Africa
Drawing on perspectives from West and Southern Africa, this Comment critically examines the current state of neuroscience progress in Africa, describing the unique landscape and ongoing challenges as embedded within wider socio-political realities. Distinct research opportunities in the African context are explored to include genetic and bio-diversity, multilingual and multicultural populations, life-course development, clinical neuroscience and neuropsychology, with applications to machine learning models, in light of complex post-colonial legacies that often impede research progress. Key determinants needed to accelerate African neuroscience are then discussed, as well as cautionary underpinnings that together create an equitable neuroscience framework.
- Sahba Besharati
- & Rufus Akinyemi
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Article
| Open AccessThe alignment of companies' sustainability behavior and emissions with global climate targets
The emissions pathways of most publicly traded companies in high-emitting sectors are not aligned with the climate targets of the Paris Agreement. An extensive analysis of companies’ sustainability behaviour offers insights into why this is the case.
- Simone Cenci
- , Matteo Burato
- & Maurizio Zollo
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Article
| Open AccessUnveiling patterns in human dominated landscapes through mapping the mass of US built structures
Most inhabited areas in the US have more mass in buildings and mobility networks than in plant biomass. Cities are comparably resource efficient, while high material intensity is found in rural areas. Migration reinforces this phenomenon as people leave while built structures remain.
- David Frantz
- , Franz Schug
- & Helmut Haberl
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Article
| Open AccessDemographics and risk of isolation due to sea level rise in the United States
Risk of isolation is expected to disproportionately affect racial minority populations in the U.S. as sea level rise increases. Communities with more renters, older adults, and lower-income populations will also be impacted.
- Kelsea Best
- , Qian He
- & Tom Logan
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Article
| Open AccessFeasible supply of steel and cement within a carbon budget is likely to fall short of expected global demand
A new study explores the global feasible supply of steel and cement within Paris-compliant carbon budgets, explicitly considering uncertainties in the deployment of infrastructure and it shows that feasible supply may fall short of expected global demand.
- Takuma Watari
- , André Cabrera Serrenho
- & Julian Allwood
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Article
| Open AccessReputations for treatment of outgroup members can prevent the emergence of political segregation in cooperative networks
Social networks often segregate based on political identities. We show that such segregation is reduced when people know how others behave towards those from their outgroup and ingroup
- Brent Simpson
- , Bradley Montgomery
- & David Melamed
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Article
| Open AccessThe social costs of tropical cyclones
The estimates of the societal costs of carbon currently used for policy evaluations may be too low due to an insufficient representation of tropical cyclone damage. Accounting for them substantially increases the estimated benefits of climate change mitigation measures.
- Hazem Krichene
- , Thomas Vogt
- & Christian Otto
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Article
| Open AccessRisk to rely on soil carbon sequestration to offset global ruminant emissions
While accounting for intrinsic differences between short- and long-lived greenhouse gases, solely relying on soil carbon sequestration in grasslands to offset warming effect of emissions from current ruminant systems is not feasible
- Yue Wang
- , Imke J. M. de Boer
- & Corina E. van Middelaar
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Comment
| Open AccessOne Health approach at the heart of the French Committee for monitoring and anticipating health risks
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government established a committee for monitoring and anticipating health risks. In this Comment, the authors describe the One Health approach taken by the committee, and outline its aims, composition, and initial actions.
- Thierry Lefrançois
- , Bruno Lina
- & Brigitte Autran
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Article
| Open AccessAssessing the value of integrating national longitudinal shopping data into respiratory disease forecasting models
Novel indicators of infectious disease prevalence could improve real-time surveillance and support healthcare planning. Here, the authors show that sales data for non-prescription medications from a UK high street retailer can improve the accuracy of models forecasting mortality from respiratory infections.
- Elizabeth Dolan
- , James Goulding
- & Laila J. Tata
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Article
| Open AccessFlood insurance is a driver of population growth in European floodplains
This study finds that flood insurance policy design affects economic development in floodplains and, consequently, flood risk in Europe. Therefore, the authors advocate for flood insurance design to be integrated in climate change adaptation policy.
- Max Tesselaar
- , W. J. Wouter Botzen
- & Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
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Article
| Open AccessEconomic valuation of temperature-related mortality attributed to urban heat islands in European cities
Urban heat islands have the greatest acute impacts on human mortality risk during extreme heat. However, protracted cold seasons result in greater annually integrated protective effects in most European cities under the current climate.
- Wan Ting Katty Huang
- , Pierre Masselot
- & Gabriele Manoli
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Article
| Open AccessA cost comparison of various hourly-reliable and net-zero hydrogen production pathways in the United States
Considering equivalent emissions and reliability attributes for fossil- and electricity-based hydrogen production solutions, results suggest grid-tied electricity-based options can be lowest cost by the next decade if natural gas leakage is high for the USA.
- Justin M. Bracci
- , Evan D. Sherwin
- & Adam R. Brandt
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrating human activity into food environments can better predict cardiometabolic diseases in the United States
Previous studies on the connection between food environments and cardiometabolic diseases have yielded inconclusive results. Here, the authors show that integrating human activity into assessments of food environments can better predict the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases.
- Ran Xu
- , Xiao Huang
- & Xiang Chen
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Article
| Open AccessRelational visual representations underlie human social interaction recognition
Humans are adept at recognizing social interactions in visual scenes. Here, the authors develop a computational model of this ability, and show that humans can make complex social interaction judgments using relational visual representations.
- Manasi Malik
- & Leyla Isik
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Article
| Open AccessMessage framing to promote solar panels
Green technologies foster the use of green energy; however, large investment costs hinder adoption. In a large-scale field experiment, the authors show that message framing can promote a serious commitment to solar panels among the broader public.
- Dominik Bär
- , Stefan Feuerriegel
- & Markus Weinmann
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Article
| Open AccessThe asymmetric effects of climate risk on higher-moment connectedness among carbon, energy and metals markets
Here the authors explore the connectedness of the carbon, energy, and metals markets. They find asymmetric effects of climate risk with higher physical risk impacts on upward risk spillovers, and greater transition risk effects on the downside risk of kurtosis connectedness.
- Yuqin Zhou
- , Shan Wu
- & Lavinia Rognone
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Article
| Open AccessExtracting medicinal chemistry intuition via preference machine learning
Over their careers, medicinal chemists develop a gut feeling for what is a promising molecule. Here, the authors use machine learning models to learn this intuition and show that it can be successfully applied in several drug discovery scenarios.
- Oh-Hyeon Choung
- , Riccardo Vianello
- & José Jiménez-Luna
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Article
| Open AccessNeural and computational underpinnings of biased confidence in human reinforcement learning
The mechanism of confidence formation in learning remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that both dorsal and ventral prefrontal networks encode confidence, but only the ventral network incorporates the valence-induced bias.
- Chih-Chung Ting
- , Nahuel Salem-Garcia
- & Maël Lebreton
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Article
| Open AccessA super liquid-repellent hierarchical porous membrane for enhanced membrane distillation
Membrane distillation is an emerging desalination technology to obtain freshwater from saline based on low-grade energy. Here the authors report on novel superhydrophobic hierarchical porous membranes with enhanced distillation flux suitable for desalination or wastewater treatment.
- Youmin Hou
- , Prexa Shah
- & Hans-Jürgen Butt
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Article
| Open AccessUrban land patterns can moderate population exposures to climate extremes over the 21st century
Considering changes in urban land extent, population, and climate over the 21st century, the authors find spatial urban land patterns can reduce rather than increase population exposures to climate extremes, even heat extremes, at regional scales.
- Jing Gao
- & Melissa S. Bukovsky
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Article
| Open AccessA human-machine collaborative approach measures economic development using satellite imagery
A human-AI collaborative computer vision algorithm produces grid-level economic statistics using satellite images and lightweight human annotation, revealing granular development patterns in North Korea and five other least developed Asian countries.
- Donghyun Ahn
- , Jeasurk Yang
- & Sungwon Park
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Article
| Open AccessRedox signaling-driven modulation of microbial biosynthesis and biocatalysis
Microbial communication has significant implications for industrial applications, but constructing communication systems which support coordinated behaviors is challenging. Here, the authors report an electron transfer triggered redox communication network and demonstrate its ability to coordinate microbial metabolism.
- Na Chen
- , Na Du
- & Quan Yuan
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Article
| Open AccessCircular wood use can accelerate global decarbonisation but requires cross-sectoral coordination
Cascading and especially circular wood uses enhance climate-change mitigation achieved by forestry. In combination, these measures could cumulatively mitigate 258.8 million tonnes CO2e by 2050 in the UK but implementation barriers must be overcome.
- Eilidh J. Forster
- , John R. Healey
- & David Styles
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Article
| Open AccessThe changing impact of rural electrification on Indian agriculture
Electrified groundwater irrigation is a major driver of India’s agricultural growth. India refocussed rural electrification towards household electrification in early 2000s in detriment of groundwater irrigation electrification, the authors find.
- Sudatta Ray
- & Hemant K. Pullabhotla
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Article
| Open AccesslesSDRF is more: maximizing the value of proteomics data through streamlined metadata annotation
Public proteomics data often lack essential metadata, limiting their potential. To address this, the authors developed lesSDRF, a tool to simplify the process of metadata annotation, thereby ensuring that data leave a lasting, impactful legacy well beyond their initial publication.
- Tine Claeys
- , Tim Van Den Bossche
- & Lennart Martens
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Article
| Open AccessImpacts of climate change, population growth, and power sector decarbonization on urban building energy use
This study quantifies mid-21st century hourly building energy use in 277 urban areas in the USA, revealing spatially and temporally heterogeneous changes influenced by future climate, population dynamics, and electric power sector decarbonization.
- Chenghao Wang
- , Jiyun Song
- & Robert B. Jackson
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Article
| Open AccessHuman consumption of seaweed and freshwater aquatic plants in ancient Europe
Marine food resources are commonly thought to have become marginal food or abandoned altogether with the spread of agriculture in Europe. Here, the authors use biomarkers in dental calculus to track widespread consumption of seaweed and aquatic plants through the Neolithic and into the Early Middle Ages.
- Stephen Buckley
- , Karen Hardy
- & Maria Eulalia Subirà
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Article
| Open AccessAchieving health-oriented air pollution control requires integrating unequal toxicities of industrial particles
Health-oriented emissions reduction in China focusing on the iron and steel industry can reduce costs by 1.56 billion dollars while lowering the population-weighted toxic potency-adjusted exposure risk.
- Di Wu
- , Haotian Zheng
- & Jiming Hao
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Article
| Open AccessPartner choice and cooperation in social dilemmas can increase resource inequality
Cooperation is more likely when individuals can choose their interaction partner. However, here, the authors show that partner choice can increase resource inequality in a public goods game when people differ in resources and productivity needed for cooperation.
- Mirre Stallen
- , Luuk L. Snijder
- & Carsten K. W. De Dreu