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Climate change refers to a statistically defined change in the average and/or variability of the climate system, this includes the atmosphere, the water cycle, the land surface, ice and the living components of Earth. The definition does not usually require the causes of change to be attributed, for example to human activity, but there are exceptions.
In June 2004, the results of an ambitious Antarctic ice-drilling project brought insight into hundreds of thousands of years of climatic changes. The extraordinary sample still has much to offer climate research — even as its successor is being drilled.
In a global-scale study, we investigated the contribution of individual and multiple global change stressors to soil carbon variables, which revealed that an increasing number of global change stressors will reduce the amount of carbon in soils, challenging their capacity to mitigate climate change.
A comprehensive analysis of observations and model simulations finds that future global mean warming is likely to be larger than previously thought, and that limiting global warming to well below 2°C will be more difficult than previously anticipated.
The authors find a nonlinear, multiyear-long and country-heterogeneous economic loss induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole. Under a high emission scenario, the amplitude of the dipole is increasing, causing additional financial losses in the 21st century.
Carbon dioxide removal is an important part of climate mitigation pathways. However, its planning and implementation should be carefully reviewed given the potential limitations and risks.
In June 2004, the results of an ambitious Antarctic ice-drilling project brought insight into hundreds of thousands of years of climatic changes. The extraordinary sample still has much to offer climate research — even as its successor is being drilled.
In a global-scale study, we investigated the contribution of individual and multiple global change stressors to soil carbon variables, which revealed that an increasing number of global change stressors will reduce the amount of carbon in soils, challenging their capacity to mitigate climate change.