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Article
| Open AccessSpa2 remodels ADP-actin via molecular condensation under glucose starvation
Here the authors show that Spa2 orchestrates adaptive actin remodelling in budding yeast by dynamically binding ADP-actin and inducing phase separation on F-actin, a crucial response to energy starvation.
- Qianqian Ma
- , Wahyu Surya
- & Yansong Miao
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Article
| Open AccessC5aR1 inhibition reprograms tumor associated macrophages and reverses PARP inhibitor resistance in breast cancer
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (BC), however resistance and recurrence are often observed. Here, in preclinical models of BRCA1/2 wild type and homologous recombination competent BC, the authors show that C5aR1-positive tumor associated macrophages are associated with PARPi-resistance, suggesting targeting C5aR1 as a therapeutic option.
- Xi Li
- , Alfonso Poire
- & Gordon B. Mills
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Article
| Open AccessStructural domain in the Titin N2B-us region binds to FHL2 in a force-activation dependent manner
Titin N2B unique sequence (N2B-us) is a 572 amino acid sequence that acts as an elastic spring to regulate muscle passive elasticity. Here the authors identify a mechanosensitive structural domain within the titin (N2B-us), and a force-dependent interaction between (N2B-us) and the protein FHL2.
- Yuze Sun
- , Xuyao Liu
- & Jie Yan
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Article
| Open AccessDeciphering bat influenza H18N11 infection dynamics in male Jamaican fruit bats on a single-cell level
Here, Kessler et al use single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestine and mesentery from H18N11 influenza-infected bats to show that viral infection is predominant in leukocytes and causes activation of immune cells and antiviral gene signatures.
- Susanne Kessler
- , Bradly Burke
- & Kevin Ciminski
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Article
| Open AccessExposure to environmental pollutants selects for xenobiotic-degrading functions in the human gut microbiome
In this study, the authors employ metagenomics to explore the impact of environmental pollution on the human gut microbiome using samples from a cohort living in a very polluted area in Southern Italy, showing that pollutants degradation genes are more abundant in subjects with higher blood levels of those specific xenobiotics.
- Francesca De Filippis
- , Vincenzo Valentino
- & Danilo Ercolini
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Article
| Open AccessHuman neutralizing antibodies target a conserved lateral patch on H7N9 hemagglutinin head
Here the authors isolate two human antibodies, H7.HK1 and H7.HK2, that achieve broad and potent neutralization against H7N9 influenza by targeting a distinct lateral patch on the hemagglutinin head, thus making them favorable to complement other antibodies for combination therapy.
- Manxue Jia
- , Hanjun Zhao
- & Xueling Wu
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Article
| Open AccessABA-mediated regulation of rice grain quality and seed dormancy via the NF-YB1-SLRL2-bHLH144 Module
This study revealed an NF-YB1-SLRL2-bHLH144 regulatory module, centered on a key transcription factor SLRL2, that mediates the ABA-regulated amylose content in rice. Furthermore, SLRL2 is also involved in the regulation of rice dormancy
- Jin-Dong Wang
- , Jing Wang
- & Qian-Feng Li
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Article
| Open AccessPixel-wise programmability enables dynamic high-SNR cameras for high-speed microscopy
The researchers present an image sensor that allows every pixel to have independent exposure. It can sample a cell ROI’s fast fluorescence activity with long exposures at different phases, enhancing SNR and temporal resolution for capturing high-speed events.
- Jie Zhang
- , Jonathan Newman
- & Matthew Wilson
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Article
| Open AccessBiodiversity increases resistance of grasslands against plant invasions under multiple environmental changes
Species-rich communities tend to be less vulnerable to species invasions, but whether this is maintained under environmental stress is unclear. This meta-analysis shows that the positive effect of biodiversity on resistance to invasion in grassland plant communities is reduced by drought but increased by warming and multiple global change factors.
- Cai Cheng
- , Zekang Liu
- & Jihua Wu
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Article
| Open AccessSafety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination and infection in 5.1 million children in England
COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of severe disease in young people, but the absolute risk is low, and side effects have been reported. Here, the authors use data on 5–17 year olds in England to assess the overall risk-benefit profile of the vaccines.
- Emma Copland
- , Martina Patone
- & Julia Hippisley-Cox
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Article
| Open AccessLongitudinal viral shedding and antibody response characteristics of men with acute infection of monkeypox virus: a prospective cohort study
Here the authors measure viral load in samples from skin lesions, saliva, oropharynx, and rectum of 77 patients with acute monkeypox virus infection as well as from environmental fomite swabs and show a high seropositivity rate for antibodies against A29L and H3L.
- Yang Yang
- , Shiyu Niu
- & Yingxia Liu
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Article
| Open AccessOrganization of corticocortical and thalamocortical top-down inputs in the primary visual cortex
The organization of top-down inputs in primary visual cortex (V1) remains unclear. Here the authors characterized corticocortical and thalamocortical top-down inputs recruiting V1 neurons with cell-type and layer-specificities, and revealed distinct forms of top-down input processing.
- Yanmei Liu
- , Jiahe Zhang
- & Guofen Ma
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Article
| Open AccessPrimate retina trades single-photon detection for high-fidelity contrast encoding
The neural mechanisms setting the lower limit of conscious visual perception in humans is not fully understood. Here the authors show by correlating human vision experiments and non-human primate retina recordings that primates rely on the retinal ON pathway in perception of the dimmest light increments, and that nonlinear thresholding in this pathway eliminates single photons and neural noise thereby allowing perception of minute differences in light intensity.
- Markku Kilpeläinen
- , Johan Westö
- & Petri Ala-Laurila
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Article
| Open AccessNoninvasive imaging-guided ultrasonic neurostimulation with arbitrary 2D patterns and its application for high-quality vision restoration
Researchers have developed a noninvasive retina prosthesis based on ultrasound for treating blindness. This device uses ultrasound waves to stimulate the retina, creating artificial vision confirmed through behavior tests, offering a safer alternative to invasive treatments.
- Gengxi Lu
- , Chen Gong
- & Qifa Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessAcute and post-acute respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: population-based cohort study in South Korea and Japan
Respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in the acute (within 30 days) and post-acute (after 30 days) phase. Here, the authors characterise the risk of acute and post-acute respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2 using population-based data from South Korea and Japan.
- Yujin Choi
- , Hyeon Jin Kim
- & Dong Keon Yon
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Article
| Open AccessPotential decoupling of CO2 and Hg uptake process by global vegetation in the 21st century
The uptake of gaseous elementary mercury by terrestrial vegetation in 2100 is likely to decrease by more than half compared to present-day conditions. This decrease is caused by the reduced stomatal conductance associated with increasing CO2 levels.
- Tengfei Yuan
- , Shaojian Huang
- & Yanxu Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessWhole-soil warming leads to substantial soil carbon emission in an alpine grassland
This study demonstrates that future whole-soil warming has a much stronger effect on soil carbon emission in the alpine grassland ecosystem than what is estimated by previous warming experiments which only warm surface soils mostly.
- Ying Chen
- , Wenkuan Qin
- & Biao Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessAdopting yield-improving practices to meet maize demand in Sub-Saharan Africa without cropland expansion
Maize demand in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to increase. Here, the authors use data collected by One Acre Fund on 14,773 smallholder fields in the region and determine that maize production can be increased with minimal cropland expansion by improving management practices.
- Fernando Aramburu-Merlos
- , Fatima A. M. Tenorio
- & Patricio Grassini
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Article
| Open AccessProteomic analysis of the urothelial cancer landscape
Urothelial cancer is a challenging disease and an emerging field for targeted therapies. Here, the authors optimize clinical proteomics to provide proteome-level data on tumor specificity and identify robust prognostic subtypes with predictive information for repurposed drug candidates.
- Franz F. Dressler
- , Falk Diedrichs
- & Ákos Végvári
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Article
| Open AccessMetabolism of l-arabinose converges with virulence regulation to promote enteric pathogen fitness
Here, Cottam et al. identify an L-arabinose transporter in Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and show that metabolism of this dietary sugar upregulates the type 3 secretion system, thus enhancing its fitness within the host gut.
- Curtis Cottam
- , Rhys T. White
- & James P. R. Connolly
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Article
| Open AccessA conserved Pol II elongator SPT6L mediates Pol V transcription to regulate RNA-directed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis
How to facilitate the transcription of plant-specific RNA Pol V is largely unknown. Liu et al. find that a conserved RNA Pol II elongator, SPT6L, mediates DNA methylation by its association with Pol V and promoting the production of scaffold RNA.
- Yujuan Liu
- , Jie Shu
- & Chen Chen
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Article
| Open AccessSynergizing habits and goals with variational Bayes
Intelligent agents can perform two types of behavior, habitual and goal-directed. The authors propose a deep learning framework using a variational Bayes approach, which computationally explains many aspects of the interaction between the two types of behaviors in sensorimotor tasks.
- Dongqi Han
- , Kenji Doya
- & Jun Tani
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Article
| Open AccessRab30 facilitates lipid homeostasis during fasting
Despite the importance of Rab GTPases in maintaining the integrity of vesicle trafficking, their physiological roles are not well understood. Here, the authors define a role for Rab30 in supporting lipid homeostasis during fasting in the mouse.
- Danielle M. Smith
- , Brian Y. Liu
- & Michael J. Wolfgang
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Article
| Open AccessA variational expectation-maximization framework for balanced multi-scale learning of protein and drug interactions
Multi-scale learning still struggles with imbalanced information and greedy characteristics. Here the authors present MUSE, an Expectation-Maximization-based multi-scale framework, improving predictions across molecular interactions and atomic interfaces.
- Jiahua Rao
- , Jiancong Xie
- & Yuedong Yang
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Article
| Open AccessLipidome atlas of the adult human brain
While our brain is primarily composed of lipids, their functions have largely remained unexplored. Here, authors show that specific lipids can be linked to the structural organization and functional hierarchy of the human and macaque brain.
- Maria Osetrova
- , Anna Tkachev
- & Philipp Khaitovich
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Article
| Open Access9-fold symmetry is not essential for centriole elongation and formation of new centriole-like structures
In this study, the authors show that centriole 9-fold microtubule symmetry is not essential for centriole elongation, correct distribution of the centriole’s components along its length, and in initiating aspects of centriole duplication.
- Pallavi Panda
- , Mark S. Ladinsky
- & David M. Glover
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Article
| Open AccessNeuronal activation sequences in lateral prefrontal cortex encode visuospatial working memory during virtual navigation
The neural codes underlying working memory are not fully understood. Here the authors recorded neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex of male macaque monkeys, during a working memory task, and identify activation sequences that encode target locations in the task.
- Alexandra Busch
- , Megan Roussy
- & Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo
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Article
| Open AccessLateral parabrachial FoxP2 neurons regulate respiratory responses to hypercapnia
The parabrachial nucleus contains separate populations of neurons that respond to elevated CO2 with EEG arousal and increased breathing. Here we report that the parabrachial respiratory neurons express FoxP2 and are required for respiratory responses to elevated CO2.
- Satvinder Kaur
- , Nicole Lynch
- & Clifford B. Saper
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Article
| Open AccessDuality between predictability and reconstructability in complex systems
Reconstructing the structure of a complex networked system and predicting its time evolution to understand its functions are usually two subjects that are treated separately. The authors propose a theoretical framework based on information theory, that uncovers the relation between reconstructability and predictability in networked systems.
- Charles Murphy
- , Vincent Thibeault
- & Patrick Desrosiers
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Article
| Open AccessContractile injection systems facilitate sporogenic differentiation of Streptomyces davawensis through the action of a phage tapemeasure protein-related effector
Bacteria can use contractile injection systems, similar to viral tail structures, to deliver toxic proteins into other cells. Here, Nagakubo et al. identify a related system that modulates sporulation in multicellular Streptomyces bacteria.
- Toshiki Nagakubo
- , Tatsuya Nishiyama
- & Masanori Toyofuku
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Article
| Open AccessConvergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants
Some plants use nectar to attract ant bodyguards. Here, the authors use a cross-kingdom phylogenetic approach to find that ferns and angiosperms evolved nectaries in the Cretaceous, coinciding with ant evolution, and that ferns recruited ant-bodyguards from existing ant-angiosperm partnerships.
- Jacob S. Suissa
- , Fay-Wei Li
- & Corrie S. Moreau
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Article
| Open AccessEnvironment modulates protein heterogeneity through transcriptional and translational stop codon readthrough
This study unveils that stop codon readthrough is prevalent in E. coli, particularly under stress conditions. It highlights the influence of stop codon type and genetic context, with both transcriptional and translational origins.
- Maria Luisa Romero Romero
- , Jonas Poehls
- & Agnes Toth-Petroczy
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Article
| Open AccessHDAC activity is dispensable for repression of cell-cycle genes by DREAM and E2F:RB complexes
Here, the authors investigate the interplay among DREAM, RB, SIN3 proteins, and HDACs in the context of cell-cycle gene repression, suggesting that E2F:RB and DREAM complexes can repress cell-cycle genes without relying on HDAC activity.
- Alison K. Barrett
- , Manisha R. Shingare
- & Gerd A. Müller
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Article
| Open AccessDeleting the mitochondrial respiration negative regulator MCJ enhances the efficacy of CD8+ T cell adoptive therapies in pre-clinical studies
Treatment failure following chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is common yet incompletely understood. In this study, the authors demonstrate that deletion of the mitochondrial negative regulator, MCJ, in CAR T cells promotes target cell killing ex vivo and augments their efficacy in an in vivo B cell leukaemia model.
- Meng-Han Wu
- , Felipe Valenca-Pereira
- & Mercedes Rincon
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Article
| Open AccessValidation of human telomere length multi-ancestry meta-analysis association signals identifies POP5 and KBTBD6 as human telomere length regulation genes
Here the authors conduct a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of telomere length, used diverse approaches to identify genes underlying association signals, and experimentally validated POP5 and KBTBD6 as regulators of telomere length in human cells.
- Rebecca Keener
- , Surya B. Chhetri
- & Alexis Battle
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Article
| Open AccessBiochemical-free enrichment or depletion of RNA classes in real-time during direct RNA sequencing with RISER
It is difficult to detect low abundance RNAs in sequencing experiments, and biochemical methods to enrich or deplete specific RNAs are time-consuming, costly and can damage RNA. Here, authors develop a biochemical-free technology to enrich or deplete RNA classes in real-time during direct RNA sequencing.
- Alexandra Sneddon
- , Agin Ravindran
- & Eduardo Eyras
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Article
| Open AccessPhylogenomics reveals the evolutionary origins of lichenization in chlorophyte algae
Lichen symbiosis between chlorophyte algae and fungi is a key player in ecosystems but our understanding of its evolution and genetic regulation in algae remains limited. This study finds that lichen symbiosis evolved at least three times in algae through gene family expansion and horizontal gene transfers
- Camille Puginier
- , Cyril Libourel
- & Jean Keller
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Article
| Open AccessMultispecies deep learning using citizen science data produces more informative plant community models
By modelling the distribution of the entire Swiss flora using deep learning and citizen science data, this study demonstrates a method that predicts flowering phenology and potentially dominant tree species more accurately than commonly used approaches. This approach could enable investigation of understudied aspects of ecology and refine our understanding of plant distributions.
- Philipp Brun
- , Dirk N. Karger
- & Niklaus E. Zimmermann
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Article
| Open AccessRelative dispersion ratios following fecal microbiota transplant elucidate principles governing microbial migration dynamics
Microbial migration profoundly impacts ecosystems. Here, the authors introduce a statistical approach to explore microbial dispersion following fecal microbiota transplant, uncovering dependencies between colonizing taxa, with insights into community dynamics.
- Yadid M. Algavi
- & Elhanan Borenstein
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Article
| Open AccessHeterogeneity in strategy use during arbitration between experiential and observational learning
People learn by observing others and from personal experience, but which strategy they favor varies. Here, the authors show that while some people dynamically arbitrate and switch to the strategy that is most reliable, others preferentially use one or a fixed mixture of strategies.
- Caroline J. Charpentier
- , Qianying Wu
- & John P. O’Doherty
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast energy quenching mechanism of LHCSR3-dependent photoprotection in Chlamydomonas
The Light Harvesting Complex Stress-Related Protein (LHCSR) can protect algae from severe photodamage via energy-dependent quenching (qE). Here, the authors find that a photoproduct of carotenoid S1 state is populated in qE and depopulated in 7.5 ps.
- Mengyuan Zheng
- , Xiaojie Pang
- & Lijin Tian
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Article
| Open AccessImmune features are associated with response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
In the phase 2 study LCCC1520 (NCT02690558), clinical activity of pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer has been reported. Here the authors present molecular and immune cellular features associated with response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.
- Wolfgang Beckabir
- , Mi Zhou
- & Benjamin G. Vincent
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Article
| Open AccessH2AX promotes replication fork degradation and chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient tumours
Histone H2AX has a known role in DNA damage repair but interestingly, its loss is associated with resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in BRCA-deficient tumours. Here, the authors identify a role of γH2AX in the degradation of replication forks and demonstrate that H2AX loss drives PARP inhibitor resistance via increased stressed fork stability in BRCA-deficient tumours.
- Diego Dibitetto
- , Martin Liptay
- & Sven Rottenberg
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Article
| Open AccessPhosphorus deficiency alleviates iron limitation in Synechocystis cyanobacteria through direct PhoB-mediated gene regulation
Iron and phosphorus exist at low concentrations in surface waters and may be co-limiting resources for phytoplankton growth. Here, the authors show that phosphorus deficiency increases the growth of iron-limited cyanobacteria through a PhoB-mediated regulatory network.
- Guo-Wei Qiu
- , Wen-Can Zheng
- & Bao-Sheng Qiu
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Article
| Open AccessHyperactivity of indirect pathway-projecting spiny projection neurons promotes compulsive behavior
Striatal hyperactivity has been linked to compulsive behavior, but cell-type and pathway specific mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show excessive grooming in Sapap3-KO mice is associated with indirect pathway hyperactivity and suppression of hyperactivity normalizes grooming.
- Sean C. Piantadosi
- , Elizabeth E. Manning
- & Susanne E. Ahmari
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Article
| Open AccessThe adaptive value of density-dependent habitat specialization and social network centrality
Social behavior and habitat specialization are often linked through density-dependence and their effects on fitness. Here, the authors show that in caribou, these traits are density-dependent, but only habitat specialization has an effect on fitness.
- Quinn M. R. Webber
- , Michel P. Laforge
- & Eric Vander Wal
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Article
| Open AccessStructure and inhibition of the human lysosomal transporter Sialin
Sialin transports multiple substrates including sialic acid out of lysosomes, and neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. This study reports the cryo-EM structures of Sialin in multiple states revealing its transport and pH-sensing mechanisms.
- Philip Schmiege
- , Linda Donnelly
- & Xiaochun Li
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Article
| Open AccessImpact of secretin receptor homo-dimerization on natural ligand binding
GPCRs can form functionally important dimers. Here, authors study impact of dimerization of the secretin receptor on peptide ligand binding and show high receptor conformational dynamics that facilitate G protein recruitment and activation.
- Kaleeckal G. Harikumar
- , Sarah J. Piper
- & Laurence J. Miller
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Article
| Open AccessAutophagy-deficient macrophages exacerbate cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney injury via miR-195a-5p-SIRT3 axis
Tubulointerstitial inflammation occurs frequently in acute kidney injury (AKI), and Mφ autophagy is a known contributor to inflammation-related diseases. Here, Yuan et al. show that Mφ autophagy deficiency induces systemic inflammation, impairs mitochondria, and worsens kidney injury in AKI mice.
- Yujia Yuan
- , Longhui Yuan
- & Yanrong Lu
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