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Viral infection is the invasion of the body by a small agent known as a virus. Viruses replicate inside host cells and can produce toxins that cause disease. The immune system helps to destroy viruses, but antiviral immune responses can also cause tissue damage and illness.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) hosted a two-day virtual workshop on leveraging microbial exposure to improve mouse models of human immune status and disease. The workshop’s objective was to evaluate the current state of knowledge in the field and to identify gaps, challenges and future directions.
The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on post-COVID conditions is not well understood. Here, the authors use electronic health record data from a network of eight integrated healthcare systems in the United States to compare rates of post-COVID conditions in those with and without vaccination.
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inborn error of immunity, characterized clinically by low immunoglobulin levels, poor vaccine responses and recurrent sinopulmonary infections. Here authors show that the proportion of Vδ1+ γδ T cells in CVID is higher than in healthy controls and these cells respond to persistent cytomegalovirus viremia with expansion and phenotypic alterations.
Guo, Zeng, Lu et al. assess SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 transmission and protection from inactivated vaccines among children and adolescents prior to the end of Zero-COVID measures in Urumqi, China. Two vaccine doses provide improved protection against Omicron infection and reduced transmission versus a single dose when given within the same year.
In this Journal Club, Yi Shi discusses a paper reporting that influenza virus infection in humans induces broadly cross-reactive and protective antibodies against the viral neuraminidase.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) hosted a two-day virtual workshop on leveraging microbial exposure to improve mouse models of human immune status and disease. The workshop’s objective was to evaluate the current state of knowledge in the field and to identify gaps, challenges and future directions.
The World Health Organization framework for tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants has been updated to reflect the continued evolution of the virus; this framework could be adapted for other emerging respiratory diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential.
SARS-CoV-2 infection can be associated with ‘brain fog’ and persistent neurologic disease, especially in the elderly, with the possibility of direct viral particle interference with normal synaptic transmission.
Profiling of plasma proteins in individuals with COVID-19 shows that complement activation and myeloid inflammation are major pathways in the pathogenesis of long COVID and identifies distinct profiles of immune dysregulation in individuals with long COVID, highlighting the heterogeneous and diverse nature of this disease.