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| Open AccessNonuniform and pathway-specific laminar processing of spatial frequencies in the primary visual cortex of primates
The uniformity of laminar processing in a cortex remains not fully understood. Here authors show that high spatial frequency stimuli elicit distinct active patterns across V1 layers, arising from multiple mechanisms involving M and P pathways.
- Tian Wang
- , Weifeng Dai
- & Dajun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessCerebellar Purkinje cells in male macaques combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self-motion
Neural basis of the sensory suppression signal required to cancel peripheral vestibular input is not fully understood. Here authors show that cerebellar Purkinje cells combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self-motion, thereby establishing how vestibular reafference is distinguished to cancel self-generated sensory input.
- Omid A. Zobeiri
- & Kathleen E. Cullen
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| Open AccessDynamic corticothalamic modulation of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuit during wakefulness
Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6CT) neurons provide feedback that shapes signaling in sensory pathways. Here, authors show that L6CT neurons are bi-directional modulators of thalamocortical signaling, in a manner dependent upon both L6CT magnitude and synchronization
- Elaida D. Dimwamwa
- , Aurélie Pala
- & Garrett B. Stanley
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Article
| Open AccessPrediction error processing and sharpening of expected information across the face-processing hierarchy
Perception and neural processing of sensory information are influenced by prior expectations. Here the authors show investigate how prior expectations contribute to face processing in the brain.
- Annika Garlichs
- & Helen Blank
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Article
| Open AccessCD20/MS4A1 is a mammalian olfactory receptor expressed in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that mediates innate avoidance of predators
How animals sense and properly avoid predators remains incompletely understood. Here, Jiang et al. show that the B cell co-receptor, CD20 also functions as an olfactory receptor and mediates the innate avoidance of predator derived odors.
- Hao-Ching Jiang
- , Sung Jin Park
- & Paul L. Greer
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| Open AccessDistinct information conveyed to the olfactory bulb by feedforward input from the nose and feedback from the cortex
How the feedforward information from the nose and feedback from the cortex interact in the olfactory bulb is not fully understood. Here, by imaging olfactory sensory neurons and cortical projections to the olfactory bulb, the authors show that sensory transformations contained within both streams.
- Joseph D. Zak
- , Gautam Reddy
- & Venkatesh N. Murthy
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| Open AccessMultisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and reduces interictal epileptiform discharges
Repetitive audio-visual stimulation, or sensory flicker, can modulate oscillations in a non-invasive manner. Here the authors demonstrate the potential of flicker in individuals with epilepsy undergoing intracranial seizure monitoring.
- Lou T. Blanpain
- , Eric R. Cole
- & Annabelle C. Singer
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| Open AccessMultiple processes of vocal sensory-motor interaction in primate auditory cortex
The neural processes underlying vocal self-monitoring are unclear. Here, the authors show that vocal suppression of auditory cortex operates on two time-scales with different temporal and acoustic precision, suggesting distinct predictive modulations.
- Joji Tsunada
- , Xiaoqin Wang
- & Steven J. Eliades
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Article
| Open AccessA primary sensory cortical interareal feedforward inhibitory circuit for tacto-visual integration
Where and how the brain integrates discrete sensory inputs is not fully understood. Here authors show that a multisensory zone in the mouse anterior primary visual cortex integrates tactile and visual inputs from a shared sensory space through interareal feedforward inhibition.
- Simon Weiler
- , Vahid Rahmati
- & Manuel Teichert
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Article
| Open AccessAuditory cortex conveys non-topographic sound localization signals to visual cortex
Auditory cortex sends dense projections to layer 1 of mouse V1. Here the authors show these axons convey rich sound localization signals and that their auditory receptive fields do not align with the retinotopic map of V1.
- Camille Mazo
- , Margarida Baeta
- & Leopoldo Petreanu
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| Open AccessDistinct local and global functions of mouse Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors in mechanical nociception
The mechanism underlying mechanical hyperalgesia is not fully understood. Here authors show opposing roles of tactile afferents in mechanical nociception using mouse pain models.
- Mayank Gautam
- , Akihiro Yamada
- & Wenqin Luo
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Article
| Open AccessThe influence of cortical activity on perception depends on behavioral state and sensory context
The mechanistic link between cortical activity and behaviors remains largely unclear. Here authors show that targeted holographic photostimulation of mouse visual cortex during a detection task alters performance based on the animal’s state and visual stimulus conditions, highlighting the dynamic influence of cortical activity on perception and behavior.
- Lloyd E. Russell
- , Mehmet Fişek
- & Michael Häusser
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Article
| Open AccessDistributed feature representations of natural stimuli across parallel retinal pathways
The precise organization of ON bipolar cells in the visual system remains poorly understood. Here, the authors discover that the mammalian ON bipolar pathway is divided into two streams that distribute the encoding of spatial and temporal information from naturalistic visual stimuli, respectively.
- Jen-Chun Hsiang
- , Ning Shen
- & Daniel Kerschensteiner
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| Open AccessDendritic mGluR2 and perisomatic Kv3 signaling regulate dendritic computation of mouse starburst amacrine cells
How starburst amacrine cell (SAC) dendrites transform concentrically distributed synaptic inputs into branch-specific directional outputs is not fully understood. Here the authors report that dendritic mGluR2 signaling and somatic Kv3-mediated shunting coordinately implement SAC dendritic direction selectivity.
- Héctor Acarón Ledesma
- , Jennifer Ding
- & Wei Wei
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Article
| Open AccessDirect contribution of the sensory cortex to the judgment of stimulus duration
The neural substrates of time perception are still unclear. Here, the authors show that as rats judged tactile stimuli, optogenetic manipulation of somatosensory cortex systematically altered perception of stimulus intensity and of duration, unveiling a multiplexed code.
- Sebastian Reinartz
- , Arash Fassihi
- & Mathew E. Diamond
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Article
| Open AccessNAAA-regulated lipid signaling in monocytes controls the induction of hyperalgesic priming in mice
Circulating monocytes contribute to the transition to pain chronicity but the molecular events that cause their deployment are still unclear. Using a mouse model of hyperalgesic priming, here the authors show that blood monocytes contribute to the emergence of chronic pain via a mechanism that requires a transient disruption of NAAA-regulated lipid signaling.
- Yannick Fotio
- , Alex Mabou Tagne
- & Daniele Piomelli
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Article
| Open AccessG protein-coupled receptor-based thermosensation determines temperature acclimatization of Caenorhabditis elegans
Thermosensing systems beyond TRP channels are not fully understood. Here authors show a dual thermosensing system, involving a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and TRP channels within a single sensory neuron, that controls the temperature acclimatization of the nematode C. elegans.
- Kohei Ohnishi
- , Takaaki Sokabe
- & Atsushi Kuhara
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| Open AccessCortical astrocyte N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors influence whisker barrel activity and sensory discrimination in mice
The role of astrocyte NMDA receptor signaling in cortical circuits is unclear. Here, the authors show that NMDA receptors contribute to astrocyte calcium events and support neuronal processing of sensory information that maintains sensory activity in mice.
- Noushin Ahmadpour
- , Meher Kantroo
- & Jillian L. Stobart
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| Open AccessHeterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system
Whether there is an exception to the homogenous wiring rule in visual systems remain largely unknown. Here authors reveal heterogeneity in the synaptic connectivity of cell types in the fly eye. Thus, parallel units of the eye will compute the same visual input differently.
- Jacqueline Cornean
- , Sebastian Molina-Obando
- & Marion Silies
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| Open AccessThe secondary somatosensory cortex gates mechanical and heat sensitivity
How and where somatosensory information is encoded in the cortex is unclear and important for developing new pain therapies. Here the authors show a crucial role for the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) in accurate perception of sensory stimuli.
- Daniel G. Taub
- , Qiufen Jiang
- & Clifford J. Woolf
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| Open AccessRat superior colliculus encodes the transition between static and dynamic vision modes
How visual perception in the brain switches from static to dynamic imagery is poorly understood. Here, the authors show in rats that the superior colliculus displays a marked transition from positive to negative fMRI signal at a frequency which matches the behaviourally measured threshold at which such visual fusion occurs.
- Rita Gil
- , Mafalda Valente
- & Noam Shemesh
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Article
| Open AccessEndogenous cannabinoids in the piriform cortex tune olfactory perception
Whether and how cannabinoid type-1 receptors impact sensory functions in vivo is largely unknown. Here, authors show that their endogenous activity controls network dynamics in the olfactory piriform cortex and the ability of mice to detect odorants.
- Geoffrey Terral
- , Evan Harrell
- & Lisa Roux
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Article
| Open AccessEvolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids
Chemosensory tissues are remarkably variable between species but the cause of this diversity is unclear. Here, the authors conduct transcriptomic analyses of chemosensory tissues from diverse Drosophila species, revealing evidence of stabilizing selection and recent species- and sex-specific changes.
- Gwénaëlle Bontonou
- , Bastien Saint-Leandre
- & J. Roman Arguello
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| Open AccessThe neural origin for asymmetric coding of surface color in the primate visual cortex
Whether end-spectral bias for red and blue in the visual cortex inherits from the pre-cortical stage or emerges within V1 remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors revealed a feedforward mechanism of end-spectral bias which is mainly transmitted through parvocellular pathway.
- Yujie Wu
- , Minghui Zhao
- & Dajun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessMolecular and circuit mechanisms underlying avoidance of rapid cooling stimuli in C. elegans
The mechanisms by which animals respond to rapid cooling stimuli are largely unknown. Here, the authors dissect the molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying rapid cooling-evoked avoidance behavior in C. elegans.
- Chenxi Lin
- , Yuxin Shan
- & Min Guo
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Article
| Open AccessA direction-selective cortico-brainstem pathway adaptively modulates innate behaviors
The visual cortex adapts innate behaviors through its corticofugal projections to the brainstem. Here, authors show that this pathway sends unique brainstem neurons distinct behaviorally relevant signals, whose strength can plastically change to promote behavioral adaptation.
- Jiashu Liu
- , Yingtian He
- & Bao-hua Liu
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Article
| Open AccessEmergence of the cortical encoding of phonetic features in the first year of life
To understand speech, our brains have to learn the different types of sounds that constitute words, including syllables, stress patterns and smaller sound elements, such as phonetic categories. Here, the authors provide evidence that at 7 months, the infant brain learns reliably to detect invariant phonetic categories.
- Giovanni M. Di Liberto
- , Adam Attaheri
- & Usha Goswami
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| Open AccessTargeted V1 comodulation supports task-adaptive sensory decisions
Animals respond rapidly and precisely to a variety of sensory stimuli, but the neural mechanisms supporting this flexibility are not fully understood. Here the authors describe a model of adaptive sensory processing based on functionally-targeted stochastic modulation, and find evidence for this co-variability in macaque V1 and middle temporal area.
- Caroline Haimerl
- , Douglas A. Ruff
- & Eero P. Simoncelli
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| Open AccessEndogenous noise of neocortical neurons correlates with atypical sensory response variability in the Fmr1−/y mouse model of autism
Enhanced variability is a hallmark of atypical sensory processing in autism. Here, focusing on variability of neocortical tactile responses in mice, the authors explore the role of endogenous noise sources in neural processing in a model of autism.
- Arjun A. Bhaskaran
- , Théo Gauvrit
- & Andreas Frick
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| Open AccessModular interneuron circuits control motion sensitivity in the mouse retina
Interneuron circuits in the retina allow structurally similar retinal ganglion cells to show different responses. Here the authors use an intersectional genetics approach to identify an object motion sensitive amacrine cell subtype in the mouse retina.
- Andrew Jo
- , Sercan Deniz
- & Yongling Zhu
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| Open AccessDifferent spectral sensitivities of ON- and OFF-motion pathways enhance the detection of approaching color objects in Drosophila
Motion vision in many animals is split into pathways for bright (ON) and dark (OFF) edges, driven by luminance changes. Here the authors show how in Drosophila color selectively contributes to ON-motion, enhancing detection of saliently colored objects.
- Kit D. Longden
- , Edward M. Rogers
- & Michael B. Reiser
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| Open AccessEnhancement and contextual modulation of visuospatial processing by thalamocollicular projections from ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
Here the authors show that inhibitory projections from the ventral geniculate nucleus to superior colliculus facilitate visual detection of small objects in a visually guided approaching behaviour by providing broad surround suppression to SC neurons.
- Zhong Li
- , Bo Peng
- & Huizhong Whit Tao
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Article
| Open AccessEpigenetic regulation of beta-endorphin synthesis in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons modulates neuropathic pain in a rodent pain model
Neuropathic pain is a complex and often disabling condition with unclear pathogenesis. Here, the authors elucidate an epigenetic regulatory pathway driven by microRNA regulation of betaendorphin (β-EP) synthesis in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons to modulate neuropathic pain.
- Yu Tao
- , Yuan Zhang
- & Jin Tao
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Article
| Open AccessRapid threat assessment in the Drosophila thermosensory system
Animals are more likely to react to rapid rather than slow temperature change. Here, the authors identify a brain circuit in Drosophila that selectively responds to rapid thermal change, priming behavior for escape.
- Genevieve C. Jouandet
- , Michael H. Alpert
- & Marco Gallio
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| Open AccessContinuous multiplexed population representations of task context in the mouse primary visual cortex
Sensory cortex has been primarily shown to represent environmental stimuli. Here, the authors find that the geometry of visual cortical activity permits the parallel representation of stimuli and task context in a format that prevents interference.
- Márton Albert Hajnal
- , Duy Tran
- & Gergő Orbán
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| Open AccessDescending GABAergic pathway links brain sugar-sensing to peripheral nociceptive gating in Drosophila
Escape behavior is dynamically altered by animals’ physiological conditions. Here, the authors identify in Drosophila larvae a cluster of GABAergic descending neurons that mediate nociceptive modulation upon nutritional changes.
- Mami Nakamizo-Dojo
- , Kenichi Ishii
- & Kazuo Emoto
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| Open AccessNeural mechanisms for the localization of unexpected external motion
To localize objects in the environment, animals must distinguish external from self-generated stimulus motion. Here, the authors reveal a transient response in the superior colliculus that emerges when external motion violates self-generated predictions.
- Suma Chinta
- & Scott R. Pluta
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| Open AccessThalamocortical control of cell-type specificity drives circuits for processing whisker-related information in mouse barrel cortex
Excitatory spiny stellate neurons in the somatosensory cortex are shaped by innervating thalamic inputs and unique expression of genes. Here, the authors show that these neurons play a crucial role in processing distinct whisker signals and forming specialized circuits for sensory perception.
- Timothy R. Young
- , Mariko Yamamoto
- & Tomomi Shimogori
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| Open AccessFeedforward attentional selection in sensory cortex
How salient objects in our environment grab our attention has been a matter of debate for decades. Here, the authors demonstrate that salient objects automatically capture attention, but cognitive effort can affect their potency.
- Jacob A. Westerberg
- , Jeffrey D. Schall
- & Alexander Maier
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| Open AccessA sign-inverted receptive field of inhibitory interneurons provides a pathway for ON-OFF interactions in the retina
In the retina, visual information is segregated into ON (light increment) and OFF (light decrement) streams. Here, the authors identify a sign-inverting amacrine cell with an inhibitory ON center – excitatory OFF surround receptive field.
- Andrew Jo
- , Sercan Deniz
- & Yongling Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-dimensional topographic organization of visual features in the primate temporal lobe
The functional organisation of the inferotemporal cortex is not well understood. Here, the authors construct a multi-dimensional space of visual features using deep neural networks, and show the spatial organisation of feature preference in both human and monkey inferotemporal cortex.
- Mengna Yao
- , Bincheng Wen
- & Le Chang
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| Open AccessSingle neuron responses underlying face recognition in the human midfusiform face-selective cortex
Face selectivity in the human brain has mainly been assessed with neuroimaging methods. Here, the authors perform single-neuron recordings in the human midfusiform gyrus, finding a higher number of neurons responding to faces than to places.
- Rodrigo Quian Quiroga
- , Marta Boscaglia
- & Bruno Rossion
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Article
| Open AccessEndogenous fluctuations in cortical state selectively enhance different modes of sensory processing in human temporal lobe
Task performance is known to vary with cortical state. Here, the authors use electrical recordings in human temporal lobe to show that the same cortical state can both facilitate and suppress performance in a task-dependent manner.
- Arun Parajuli
- , Diego Gutnisky
- & Valentin Dragoi
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| Open AccessNeural tuning instantiates prior expectations in the human visual system
Perception is often modelled using a Bayesian framework, but its neural instantiation remains unclear. Using a novel modelling approach, the authors reveal an empirical encoding scheme for visual orientation sufficient for optimal inference.
- William J. Harrison
- , Paul M. Bays
- & Reuben Rideaux
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Article
| Open AccessNeural manifolds for odor-driven innate and acquired appetitive preferences
It remains unclear how odorants with diverse appetitive preferences are encoded by an ensemble of neurons. Here, the authors show that such odorants can be succinctly described using low-dimensional neural representations or ‘neural manifolds.’
- Rishabh Chandak
- & Baranidharan Raman
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Article
| Open AccessThreat gates visual aversion via theta activity in Tachykinergic neurons
A brief (maximum 250 characters, including spaces) summary; Please provide this summary in your cover letter. Animals often promote visual aversion in a threatening situation for survival. Tsuji et al. report in Drosophila that a single cluster of Tachykinergic neurons translate mechanical threats to gating of visual aversion through θ oscillation.
- Masato Tsuji
- , Yuto Nishizuka
- & Kazuo Emoto
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Article
| Open AccessBehavioral decomposition reveals rich encoding structure employed across neocortex in rats
Active movement drives neural activity throughout cortex, but it is unclear how different cortical systems might use such signals. Here, the authors shed light on this by mapping how sensory and motor cortical areas encode naturalistic 3D behavior.
- Bartul Mimica
- , Tuçe Tombaz
- & Jonathan R. Whitlock
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Article
| Open AccessLearning in a sensory cortical microstimulation task is associated with elevated representational stability
Cortical representations exhibit variable levels of stability, potentially impacting learning. Here, using an optogenetic cortical microstimulation task, the authors show that faster learning takes place in mice with more stable microstimulation responses.
- Ravi Pancholi
- , Lauren Ryan
- & Simon Peron
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Article
| Open AccessNeural correlates of hierarchical predictive processes in autistic adults
It remains unclear whether autism spectrum disorder is characterized by changes in predictive mechanisms. Here, the authors show that, in both neurotypical and autistic adults, priors influence percepts at the behavioral and neural levels and are hierarchically encoded in the brain.
- Laurie-Anne Sapey-Triomphe
- , Lauren Pattyn
- & Johan Wagemans