Chromosomes articles within Nature

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

    • Julia Muenzner
    • , Pauline Trébulle
    •  & Markus Ralser

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A comparison of two complete sets of human centromeres reveals that the centromeres show at least a 4.1-fold increase in single-nucleotide variation compared with their unique flanks, and up to 3-fold variation in size, resulting from an accelerated mutation rate.

    • Glennis A. Logsdon
    • , Allison N. Rozanski
    •  & Evan E. Eichler

  • Article |

    We present the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference.

    • Arang Rhie
    • , Sergey Nurk
    •  & Adam M. Phillippy

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Chromosomal instability in cancer is linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling, immune suppression and metastasis, which is mediated by the cGAS–STING pathway, suppression of which can reduce metastasis.

    • Jun Li
    • , Melissa J. Hubisz
    •  & Samuel F. Bakhoum

  • Article |

    Loss of the Y chromosome in tumour cells is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with bladder cancer by causing local T cell exhaustion, which also increases the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

    • Hany A. Abdel-Hafiz
    • , Johanna M. Schafer
    •  & Dan Theodorescu

  • Article |

    Chromothriptically produced pieces of a micronucleated chromosome are shown to be tethered together in mitosis by a protein complex consisting of MDC1, TOPBP1 and CIP2A, thus enabling their inheritance by a single daughter cell.

    • Prasad Trivedi
    • , Christopher D. Steele
    •  & Don W. Cleveland

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Micronuclei, which are common features of nuclei in cancer cells, can generate heritable sources of transcriptional suppression, a finding that establishes an inherent relationship between chromosomal instability and variation in chromatin state and gene expression.

    • Stamatis Papathanasiou
    • , Nikos A. Mynhier
    •  & David Pellman

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Missegregated chromosomes that are sequestrated in micronuclei are subject to changes in histone modifications leading to abnormalities in chromatin accessibility that remain long after the chromosomes have been reincorporated into the primary nucleus.

    • Albert S. Agustinus
    • , Duaa Al-Rawi
    •  & Samuel F. Bakhoum

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Comparisons within the human pangenome establish that homologous regions on short arms of heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes actively recombine, leading to the high rate of Robertsonian translocation breakpoints in these regions.

    • Andrea Guarracino
    • , Silvia Buonaiuto
    •  & Erik Garrison

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Using single-molecule imaging, the authors show that Smc5/6 forms DNA loops by extrusion, which establishes DNA loop extrusion as a conserved mechanism among eukaryotic SMC complexes.

    • Biswajit Pradhan
    • , Takaharu Kanno
    •  & Eugene Kim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Evolutionary analyses of single-nucleus transcriptome data for testes from 11 species are reported, illuminating the molecular evolution of spermatogenesis and associated forces, and providing a resource for investigating the testis across mammals.

    • Florent Murat
    • , Noe Mbengue
    •  & Henrik Kaessmann

  • Article |

    Cryogenic electron microscopy analyses reveal a new, compact structure of telomeric chromatin, providing mechanistic insight into telomere maintenance and function.

    • Aghil Soman
    • , Sook Yi Wong
    •  & Lars Nordenskiöld

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Histone deacetylation at the onset of mitosis induces a chromatin-intrinsic phase transition that endows chromosomes with the physical characteristics necessary for their precise movement during cell division.

    • Maximilian W. G. Schneider
    • , Bryan A. Gibson
    •  & Daniel W. Gerlich

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Using single-cell DNA sequencing after an error-prone mitosis in untransformed, diploid cell lines and organoids, chromosomes are shown to have different segregation error frequencies that result in non-random aneuploidy landscapes.

    • Sjoerd J. Klaasen
    • , My Anh Truong
    •  & Geert J. P. L. Kops

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Single-nucleus Hi-C of embryos, polymer simulations and single-molecule imaging collectively reveal that MCM complexes influence genome folding and gene expression by impeding DNA loop extrusion.

    • Bart J. H. Dequeker
    • , Matthias J. Scherr
    •  & Kikuë Tachibana

  • Article |

    A high-resolution structure of human telomerase bound to telomeric DNA reveals details of telomerase assembly and its active site, and sheds light on how mutations alter telomerase function.

    • George E. Ghanim
    • , Adam J. Fountain
    •  & Thi Hoang Duong Nguyen

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The complete assembly of human chromosome 8 resolves previous gaps and reveals hidden complex forms of genetic variation, enabling functional and evolutionary characterization of primate centromeres.

    • Glennis A. Logsdon
    • , Mitchell R. Vollger
    •  & Evan E. Eichler

  • Article |

    The meiotic proteins Spo11 and Rec8, which ensure meiotic recombination and reductional chromosome segregation, have additional activities that challenge centromere stability by promoting centromeric nucleosome remodelling in both fission yeast and human cells.

    • Haitong Hou
    • , Eftychia Kyriacou
    •  & Julia Promisel Cooper

  • Article |

    Experiments in mouse pluripotent embryonic and epiblast stem cells show that TRF2 is dispensable for telomere protection specifically specifically in the pluripotent cells that form during early embryonic development, when cells form T-loops independently of this protein.

    • Phil Ruis
    • , David Van Ly
    •  & Simon J. Boulton

  • Article |

    Depletion of TRF2—an essential mediator of telomere protection in most mammalian cells—in mouse embryonic stem cells activates a compensatory transcriptional program that renders TRF2 dispensable for their survival and proliferation.

    • Marta Markiewicz-Potoczny
    • , Anastasia Lobanova
    •  & Eros Lazzerini Denchi

  • Article |

    Telomeric-repeat-containing RNA is recruited to telomeres by a mechanism that involves the DNA recombinase RAD51 and the formation of DNA–RNA hybrids, or R-loops—a process similar to that involved in homology-directed DNA repair.

    • Marianna Feretzaki
    • , Michaela Pospisilova
    •  & Joachim Lingner

  • Article |

    The surfactant-like protein Ki-67 mediates the clustering of chromosomes during mitotic exit, which displaces large cytoplasmic molecules from the future nuclear space and thus enables the separation of cytoplasmic and nuclear components before the nuclear envelope reforms.

    • Sara Cuylen-Haering
    • , Mina Petrovic
    •  & Daniel W. Gerlich

  • Article |

    The three-dimensional structure of pericentromeres in budding yeast is defined by convergent genes, which mark pericentromere borders and trap cohesin complexes loaded at centromeres, generating an architecture that allows correct chromosome segregation.

    • Flora Paldi
    • , Bonnie Alver
    •  & Adele L. Marston

  • Article |

    Single-molecule visualization shows that condensin—a motor protein that extrudes DNA in one direction only—can encounter and pass a second condensin molecule to form a new type of DNA loop that gathers DNA from both sides.

    • Eugene Kim
    • , Jacob Kerssemakers
    •  & Cees Dekker

  • Article |

    A phospho-switch is identified in the shelterin subunit TRF2 that regulates transient recruitment of the RTEL1 helicase to, and release from, telomeres, and provides a narrow window during which RTEL1 can unwind t-loops to facilitate telomere replication.

    • Grzegorz Sarek
    • , Panagiotis Kotsantis
    •  & Simon J. Boulton

  • Letter |

    Attractions between heterochromatic regions are essential for phase separation of the active and inactive genome in inverted and conventional nuclei, whereas chromatin–lamina interactions are necessary to build the conventional genomic architecture from these segregated phases.

    • Martin Falk
    • , Yana Feodorova
    •  & Leonid A. Mirny

  • Article |

    High-fidelity convergent total synthesis is used to produce Escherichia coli with a 61-codon synthetic genome that uses 59 codons to encode all of the canonical amino acids.

    • Julius Fredens
    • , Kaihang Wang
    •  & Jason W. Chin

  • Article |

    Successive fusion of yeast chromosomes is used to produce a single-chromosome strain that is viable, albeit with slightly reduced fitness.

    • Yangyang Shao
    • , Ning Lu
    •  & Zhongjun Qin

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