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In a phase 2 trial, the combination of chemotherapy with durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, exhibited promising clinical activity in patients with previously untreated, unresectable mesothelioma, with additional analyses providing insights into genomic and immunologic features potentially associated with response.
Fenebrutinib, an oral Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces disease activity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria refractory to antihistamines, suggesting that this treatment type could be an alternative to standard of care anti-IgE therapy.
In the multicenter, phase 3 DAWNA-1 trial, the combination of dalpiciclib, a new cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, with fulvestrant, in patients with HR+HER2− advanced breast cancer who progressed or relapsed on endocrine therapy, improved progression-free survival with manageable safety and may represent a new treatment option.
Vaccination with BNT162b2 is associated with lower viral load in breakthrough infections of SARS-CoV-2, but this effect wanes at 2 months and vanishes at 6 months after vaccination. A third vaccine dose—or booster—restores the reduction in viral load.
mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing severe outcomes and death caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in Qatar despite substantially lower effectiveness at blocking infection.
In a multicenter, randomized trial, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improved the health status and exercise function of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a condition for which effective treatments are lacking.
School closures in municipalities in Japan at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic showed no significant reduction in cases compared with case counts in municipalities with open schools, questioning the utility of school closures in mitigating community spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Results from a nationwide cohort study in the United States indicates that schools can reopen for in-person learning without substantially increasing community case rates of SARS-CoV-2.
A self-controlled case series analysis of nearly 32 million people in England shows an increased risk of rare neurological complications in those who received COVID-19 vaccines and following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results highlight 38 excess cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome per 10 million ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccinations.
Transcriptomic and histological profiling of gut biopsies from multiple independent cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease identifies distinct histopathological, molecular and cellular features associated with treatment response, providing insights for patient stratification and precision therapy.
A preclinical safety study of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for RNA interference (RNAi) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 therapy showed toxicity in nonhuman primates but not rodents, due to unexpected AAV inverted terminal repeat transcriptional activity that was mitigated on altering the RNAi expression environment.
Clinical and genetic phenotyping of consanguineous family cases of neonatal syndromic diabetes and type 2 diabetes, combined with in-depth functional studies in pluripotent stem cells, reveals a role for genetic variants of ONECUT1 in monogenic and multifactorial diabetes.
Genomic analyses in the UK Biobank show that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in the lymphoid lineage is associated with a higher risk of developing lymphoid malignancies
A large, community-based study in the United Kingdom indicates that the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced with the Delta variant compared to the Alpha variant.
A first-in-human study of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA provides initial insights into this potential new therapeutic modality for individuals with chronic HBV infection.
Bicistronic CAR T cells targeting CD19 and CD22 exhibit clinical activity and low toxicity in pediatric and young adult patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with relapses associated with limited CAR T cell persistence.
Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.