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Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are capable of inducing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in recipients, yet this is not commonly seen in the clinic. Marcel van den Brink, Michel Sadelain and colleagues show that alloreactive CAR T cells have reduced effector function due to signaling through the CAR and T cell receptor, resulting in reduced GVHD, while the graft-versus-leukemia effect is maintained by non-alloreactive CAR T cells.
Loss of the metalloproteinase Adamts1 leads to aortic pathology in mice due to increased NOS2-dependent NO production. Decreased Adamts1 expression, associated with increased NOS2 expression, occurs in Marfan syndrome (MFS) mice and in MFS patients, and NOS2 inhibition prevents and reverses aortic pathology in MFS mice.
The therapeutic response of acute myelogenous leukemia to the nucleoside analog ara-C is controlled by SAMHD1, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the activemetabolite ara-CTP.
A new study identifies four distinct 'biotypes' of depression on the basis of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity in a diverse sample of more than 1,000 individuals. The biotypes are diagnostic of depression and predict treatment response.
Changing political and funding landscapes in the US create an uncertain environment for biomedical research. The research community must insist that scientific policy follow from science, not political partisanship.
A recent study shows that pasteurization of Akkermansia muciniphila enhances the bacterium's ability to reduce fat mass and metabolic syndrome in mice with diet-induced obesity, and that Amuc_1100*, a thermostable outer-membrane protein of A. muciniphila, can reproduce these beneficial effects.
A new study shows that fasting induces the differentiation and elimination of some types of leukemia in mice, which implicates fasting or its mimetics as a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a circulating biomarker of inflammation. A recent study identifies immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow as a major cellular source of suPAR that contributes to kidney disease.
Gattinoni and colleagues discuss the emerging roles of this subset of long-lived memory T lymphocytes, and highlight ways in which these cells might be exploited to achieve therapeutic aims.