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MDM2 accelerated renal senescence via ubiquitination and degradation of HDAC1

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2024)Cite this article

Abstract

Senescence, an intricate and inevitable biological process, characterized by the gradual loss of homeostasis and declining organ functions. The pathological features of cellular senescence, including cell cycle arrest, metabolic disruptions, and the emergence of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), collectively contribute to the intricate and multifaceted nature of senescence. Beyond its classical interaction with p53, murine double minute gene 2 (MDM2), traditionally known as an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in protein degradation, plays a pivotal role in cellular processes governing senescence. Histone deacetylase (HDAC), a class of histone deacetylases mainly expressed in the nucleus, has emerged as a critical contributor to renal tissues senescence. In this study we investigated the interplay between MDM2 and HDAC1 in renal senescence. We established a natural aging model in mice over a 2-year period that was verified by SA-β-GAL staining and increased expression of senescence-associated markers such as p21, p16, and TNF-α in the kidneys. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of MDM2 was markedly increased, while HDAC1 expression underwent downregulation during renal senescence. This phenomenon was confirmed in H2O2-stimulated HK2 cells in vitro. Knockout of renal tubular MDM2 alleviated renal senescence in aged mice and in H2O2-stimulated HK2 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that MDM2 promoted renal senescence by orchestrating the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of HDAC1. These mechanisms synergistically accelerate the aging process in renal tissues, highlighting the intricate interplay between MDM2 and HDAC1, underpinning the age-related organ function decline.

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Fig. 1: Elevated MDM2 levels in renal senescence.
Fig. 2: Upregulated MDM2 expression in a renal senescence model in HK2 cells.
Fig. 3: Conditional knockout of renal tubular MDM2 alleviated renal senescence.
Fig. 4: MDM2 knockdown in HK2 cells alleviated renal senescence.
Fig. 5: HDAC1 undergoes ubiquitination-dependent degradation during renal senescence.
Fig. 6: MDM2 accelerates renal senescence by regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of HDAC1.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370728, 81974096, 82202911, 81800610 and 82170773), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2500200), and the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (2023BCB034).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China

    Hui-ling Xiang, Qian Yuan, Jie-yu Zeng, Hui-zi Zhang, Jing Huang, An-ni Song, Jing Xiong & Chun Zhang

  2. Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China

    Zi-yu Xu

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  1. Hui-ling Xiang
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Contributions

CZ and HLX designed the experiments. HLX performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. QY reviewed and edited the manuscript. JYZ, ZYX, and HZZ collected the data. JH, ANS and JX analyzed the data. All the authors made editorial suggestions and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Chun Zhang.

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Xiang, Hl., Yuan, Q., Zeng, Jy. et al. MDM2 accelerated renal senescence via ubiquitination and degradation of HDAC1. Acta Pharmacol Sin (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-024-01294-9

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