New stones develop at the site of 'clinically insignificant residual fragments' in one-fifth of patients
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The term 'clinically insignificant residual fragment' (CIRF) was coined to describe the small (
4 mm) calculi that remain in the kidney or ureter following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). These fragments are expected to pass spontaneously. However, several studies have shown that so-called CIRFs can persist and grow to become a significant problem that requires further treatment. The term CIRF, and the management of these fragments, are controversial.
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