Patent foramen ovale is a marker of carcinoid heart disease progression
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Carcinoid syndrome is a group of symptoms associated with carcinoid tumors, and results from the release of vasoactive substances such as serotonin. This syndrome often leads to right-sided carcinoid heart disease (CHD); the left side of the heart is usually protected by serotonin inactivation by the lung. Patent foramen ovale (PFO), however, prevents the inactivation of serotonin and seems to be associated with left-sided CHD. Mansencal et al. carried out serial contrast transthoracic echocardiographic studies to investigate the prevalence of CHD and PFO in 41 consecutive patients (20 male) with carcinoid syndrome who had been referred to a cardiology department in Paris, France.
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