Pulmonary-vein cryoisolation versus left-atrial linear cryoablation for atrial fibrillation
Kalyanam Shivkumar
Correspondence UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Division of Cardiology, 47-123 CHS, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Email kshivkumar@mednet.ucla.edu
This article has no abstract so we have provided the first paragraph of the full text.
There has been a progressive increase in the use of cryoablation procedures for the management of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation.1 Both surgical and endovascular catheter-based procedures have been used for the management of this condition.2 The procedures include pulmonary-vein isolation, where an attempt is made to electrically disconnect the pulmonary veins from the atrium, and left-atrial ablation involving the posterior left-atrial wall. Patients with atrial fibrillation and coexisting valvular disease represent a special challenge, because of the added arrhythmogenic effects of atrial stretch imposed by the valve lesion.
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