Viewpoint

Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine (2005) 2, 374-375
doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0276  
Received 1 May 2005 | Accepted 22 June 2005

The why, what, how and when of biological pacemakers

Ira S Cohen*, Peter R Brink, Richard B Robinson and Michael R Rosen

Correspondence *Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 8661 SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA

Email
 ira.cohen@stonybrook.edu

Electronic pacemakers are lifesaving devices but require regular maintenance and do not readily respond to the demands of exercise and emotion. This viewpoint focuses on the rapidly evolving field of biological pacemakers, addresses the issues that need to be confronted before clinical use and discusses how far we are from a clinical reality.

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