1. Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
2. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
3. Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
4. Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Correspondence to: Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao^1,4 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Z.-X.X. (e-mail: Email: jxiao@bu.edu).

Abstract

p53 is activated in response to various genotoxic stresses resulting in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis^{1, 2}. It is well documented that DNA damage leads to phosphorylation and activation of p53 (refs 1–3), yet how p53 is activated is still not fully understood. Here we report that DNA damage specifically induces p53 phosphorylation on Ser/Thr-Pro motifs, which facilitates its interaction with Pin1, a member of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase^{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Furthermore, the interaction of Pin1 with p53 is dependent on the phosphorylation that is induced by DNA damage. Consequently, Pin1 stimulates the DNA-binding activity and transactivation function of p53. The Pin1-mediated p53 activation requires the WW domain, a phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motif interaction module, and the isomerase activity of Pin1. Moreover, Pin1-deficient cells are defective in p53 activation and timely accumulation of p53 protein, and exhibit an impaired checkpoint control in response to DNA damage. Together, these data suggest a mechanism for p53 regulation in cellular response to genotoxic stress.