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Vomiting emesis is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth, and sometimes the nose. Common causes of vomiting are gastritis or food poisoning, motion sickness, migraine and chemotherapy. Vomiting is often preceded by nausea.
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and its severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), are associated with extreme reduction in quality of life. This PrimeView describes the maternal and fetal risks and outcomes.
This Primer provides a comprehensive review of the current state of basic science and clinical knowledge on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, and its extreme form hyperemesis gravidarum. Directions to focus on for future study are also discussed.
This PrimeView illustrates the mechanisms, diagnosis and management of gastroparesis; a chronic disorder defined by delayed gastric emptying, which is associated with symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
The impact of chronic nausea and vomiting on quality of life and economic burden are substantial. New findings show that interstitial cells of Cajal are depleted or have ultrastructural changes in patients with chronic nausea and vomiting who have normal gastric emptying. Abnormalities of the gastric slow waves were also observed.
