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Viral transmission is the process by which viruses spread between hosts. It includes spread to members of the same host species or spread to different species in the case of viruses that can cross species barriers.
Comparing infection routes and subsequent transmission of MPXV in the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) indicates increased susceptibility, shedding and transmission via the genital mucosae.
Hanley et al show that transmission of dengue and Zika virus from Old and New World monkeys is shaped by an immunologically-mediated trade-off between magnitude and duration of replication. Patterns of Zika transmission suggests high risk of spillback into neotropical monkeys.
Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids can inhibit infection of viruses that use viral apoptotic mimicry for infection, but not viruses that use other entry mechanisms.
Gut ecosystem colonization impacts lifelong health. Here, authors track mother-infant gut viruses over time, reveal feeding’s influence on early viral colonization, and demonstrate the co-transmission of bacteriophages and bacteria from mothers to infants.
Yellow fever is a public health threat in the Americas but has not recently been reported in the Caribbean despite presence of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Here, the authors show through experimental infection that populations of Aedes aegypti from the Caribbean and surrounding areas are competent of yellow fever transmission.
In this study, Lee et al. analyse the structure and receptor-binding features of the spike glycoprotein from a clade 3 sarbecovirus to examine the risk of spillover from bats to humans.
Recovery and characterization of the wild-type pangolin coronavirus GD strain helps determine whether these viruses present risks for human transmission and an emerging threat to public health.
Colonoids derived from adult human stem cells support growth of human enterovirus. Instead of spreading through the epithelium or lysing infected cells, virus is released within intact infected cells. Infected cells are detected by force-sensing ion channels, a mechanism akin to that used for normal turnover of uninfected epithelia.
This study reports the identification of a highly divergent lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer and provides evidence of deer-to-human transmission.