Nakazawa and colleagues describe advances in our understanding of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. These insights have already generated promising new treatments that target B cells, T cells and cytokines; potential novel approaches targeting additional cells or molecules are also discussed.

B cell depletion has become standard-of-care for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis, but can more be done to target B cells? In this Review, the authors look beyond rituximab to alternative B cell-targeting therapies and novel therapeutic combinations.

Cryoglobulinaemia is characterized by the presence of precipitable immunoglobulins in the serum and can lead to a clinical syndrome called cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. This Primer describes the underlying mechanisms, diagnosis and management of cryoglobulinaemia.

A growing body of evidence indicates that neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the progression of rheumatic diseases. This Review focuses on the role of NETs in systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout.

In this Review, the authors discuss the emerging evidence of the aetiology of Behçet's. They argue that geographical variation in prevalence, variation in disease expression and evidence of clinical subsets supports the notion that Behçet's is a syndrome rather than a disease.