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| Open AccessLight-induced stomatal opening requires phosphorylation of the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of plasma membrane H+-ATPase
Light-induced stomatal opening is crucial for photosynthesis. Here the authors show that blue light triggers phosphorylation of two Thr residues in the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, thereby promoting stomatal opening.
- Saashia Fuji
- , Shota Yamauchi
- & Atsushi Takemiya
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Article
| Open AccessA maize epimerase modulates cell wall synthesis and glycosylation during stomatal morphogenesis
Dynamic cell walls enable stomata rapidly responding to the environment. Here the authors report that a maize epimerase is involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and glycosylation modulation during stomatal morphogenesis.
- Yusen Zhou
- , Tian Zhang
- & Chun-Peng Song
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| Open AccessIdentification and improvement of isothiocyanate-based inhibitors on stomatal opening to act as drought tolerance-conferring agrochemicals
The authors describe a brassicales-specific metabolite BITC as a stomatal opening inhibitor that suppresses PM H+-ATPase phosphorylation. They develop BITC derivatives with higher inhibitory activity that act as drought tolerance–conferring agrochemicals.
- Yusuke Aihara
- , Bumpei Maeda
- & Toshinori Kinoshita
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Article
| Open AccessConserved signalling components coordinate epidermal patterning and cuticle deposition in barley
The leaf epidermis is sealed by a lipid-rich cuticle to prevent water loss and interspersed with stomatal pores to allow gas exchange. Here the authors provide evidence that two barley proteins, HvYDA1 and HvBRX-Solo, regulate both processes linking epidermal patterning with cuticular properties in a cereal crop.
- Linsan Liu
- , Sarah B. Jose
- & Sarah M. McKim
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Article
| Open AccessSpatially patterned hydrogen peroxide orchestrates stomatal development in Arabidopsis
Stomatal development is regulated by multiple intrinsic developmental and environmental signals. Here, the authors show that spatially patterned hydrogen peroxide activates the energy sensor SnRK1 to stabilize the SPCH transcription factor and optimize stomatal development in Arabidopsis.
- Wen Shi
- , Lingyan Wang
- & Ming-Yi Bai
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| Open AccessStructure of the Arabidopsis guard cell anion channel SLAC1 suggests activation mechanism by phosphorylation
The anion channel SLAC1 controls stomatal closure upon phosphoactivation. Here via structural analysis and electrophysiology, the authors propose an inhibition-release model where phosphorylation causes dissociation of a cytosolic plug from the SLAC1 transmembrane domains to induce conformational change in the pore-forming helices.
- Yawen Li
- , Yinan Ding
- & Linfeng Sun
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Article
| Open AccessDichotomy of the BSL phosphatase signaling spatially regulates MAPK components in stomatal fate determination
In Arabidopsis, BSL1 localizes to the cell cortex and activates the MAPKK Kinase YDA to inhibit stomatal production. Here the authors show that three other BSL proteins BSL2, BSL3, and BSU1 act in the nucleus to deactivate MPK6 and promote stomatal formation.
- Xiaoyu Guo
- , Xue Ding
- & Juan Dong
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening
Stomatal guard cells require ATP in order to fuel stomatal movements. Here the authors show that guard cell photosynthesis is limited, mitochondria are the main source of ATP and that guard cell chloroplasts import ATP via nucleotide transporters.
- Shey-Li Lim
- , Sabrina Flütsch
- & Boon Leong Lim
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Article
| Open AccessLight regulates stomatal development by modulating paracrine signaling from inner tissues
Light promotes stomatal development in plants. Here Wang et al. show that light stimulates stomatal development via the HY5 transcription factor which induces expression of STOMAGEN, a mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, that in turn leads to stabilization of a master regulator of stomatal development in the epidermis.
- Shenqi Wang
- , Zimin Zhou
- & On Sun Lau
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Article
| Open AccessKIN10 promotes stomatal development through stabilization of the SPEECHLESS transcription factor
Stomata development in plants is tightly regulated by developmental and environmental cues. Here the authors show that the energy-sensing SnRK1 complex promotes stomatal development by phosphorylating the SPEECHLESS transcription factor thereby connecting energy signalling and stomatal development.
- Chao Han
- , Yue Liu
- & Ming-Yi Bai
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Article
| Open AccessMesophyll porosity is modulated by the presence of functional stomata
Gas exchange for photosynthesis occurs via stomata on the leaf surface and the airspace in the underlying mesophyll tissue. Here, the authors show that stomatal function modulates mesophyll airspace formation and that their coordinated development influences water use efficiency in crops
- Marjorie R. Lundgren
- , Andrew Mathers
- & Andrew J. Fleming
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Article
| Open AccessExtracellular ATP elicits DORN1-mediated RBOHD phosphorylation to regulate stomatal aperture
Extracellular ATP acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern that triggers signaling responses to wounding and environmental stimuli in plants. Here Chen et al. show that ATP perception by DORN1 can trigger stomatal closure mediated via RBOHD phosphorylation and ROS production.
- Dongqin Chen
- , Yangrong Cao
- & Gary Stacey
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Article
| Open AccessBlue light and CO2 signals converge to regulate light-induced stomatal opening
Stomata open in response to low CO2 conditions in the light to maximise photosynthesis. Here, Hiyama et al. identify two kinases that promote stomatal opening by inhibiting S-type anion channels downstream of phototropin and HT1 thereby acting as a convergence point for blue light and CO2 signaling.
- Asami Hiyama
- , Atsushi Takemiya
- & Ken-ichiro Shimazaki
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A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells
Carbon dioxide influences plant–water relations and gas exchange by regulating stomatal aperture. Here, Tian et al. characterize RHC1, a MATE family transporter that under elevated carbon dioxide concentrations promotes stomatal closure via activation of the SLAC1 anion channel.
- Wang Tian
- , Congcong Hou
- & Sheng Luan
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Overproduction of stomatal lineage cells in Arabidopsis mutants defective in active DNA demethylation
Loss of active DNA demethylation increases DNA methylation at numerous loci in plant vegetative tissues; however, resulting developmental phenotypes have not been observed. Yamamuro et al. show that mutation of the 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase ROS1 results in overproduction of stomatal lineage cells in Arabidopsis.
- Chizuko Yamamuro
- , Daisuke Miki
- & Jian-Kang Zhu
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Auxin transport and activity regulate stomatal patterning and development
Stomata regulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere but whether the plant hormone auxin regulates stomatal development has not been investigated. Here, the authors reveal dynamic changes of auxin activity levels during stomatal development and show that auxin transporters are required for stomatal patterning.
- Jie Le
- , Xu-Guang Liu
- & Fred Sack
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| Open AccessA Munc13-like protein in Arabidopsis mediates H+-ATPase translocation that is essential for stomatal responses
In plants, stomatal opening controls the uptake of carbon dioxide and water loss, and is controlled by an H+ATPase. This study reports the identification of PATROL1, a gene that controls the subcellular localisation of the H+ATPase, and is involved in the regulation of stomata.
- Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto
- , Takumi Higaki
- & Koh Iba
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| Open AccessPhosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening
Blue light stimulates stomatal opening in Arabidopsis by activating phototropins. By screening for mutants that lack this response, the authors isolate the protein kinase blus1, and show that its phosphorylation by phototropin-1 promotes guard cell signalling and stomatal opening.
- Atsushi Takemiya
- , Naoyuki Sugiyama
- & Ken-ichiro Shimazaki
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Article
| Open AccessAtALMT9 is a malate-activated vacuolar chloride channel required for stomatal opening in Arabidopsis
Aluminium-activated malate transporters are exclusive to plants, regulating the transport of ions across the membranes on which they are expressed. De Angeli and colleagues show that AtALMT9 acts as a vacuolar chloride channel that is activated by cytosolic malate, and that this regulates stomata aperture.
- Alexis De Angeli
- , Jingbo Zhang
- & Enrico Martinoia
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| Open AccessThe NMR structure of stomagen reveals the basis of stomatal density regulation by plant peptide hormones
Stomagen is a positive regulator of stomatal development in plants, whereas epidermal patterning factors 1 and 2 are negative regulators. Ohkiet al. present the NMR structure of stomagen and show that the stomagen loop domain is sufficient to positively regulate stomatal development.
- Shinya Ohki
- , Makoto Takeuchi
- & Masashi Mori