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Skin cancer can involve melanocytes, leading to melanoma, but there are other non-melanoma skin cancers. These include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and, less commonly, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposis sarcoma and T-cell lymphoma of the skin.
Peptide-based cancer vaccines require epitopes for both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Here the authors report the long-term outcomes of a randomized phase II trial (NCT00118274) in patients with melanoma designed to evaluate a class I MHC-restricted peptide vaccine plus one of two “helper” peptide preparations to stimulate CD4+ T cells, either non-specific help or melanoma-specific help.
Leveraging the expertise of physicians to identify medically meaningful features in ‘counterfactual’ images produced via generative machine learning facilitates the auditing of the inference process of medical-image classifiers, as shown for dermatology images.
In this study, Bansaccal et al. analyse why, at some skin locations, oncogene-expressing cells rarely progress to cancer and found that a dense dermal collagen network prevents skin cancer formation.
In a recent study, Sanchez-Aguilera, Masmudi-Martín et al. find that a molecular program explains the cognitive impairment often seen in patients with brain metastasis, challenging the prevailing paradigm of the tumour mass being the sole cause of altered brain function.