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Skin cancer can involve melanocytes, leading to melanoma, but there are other non-melanoma skin cancers. These include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and, less commonly, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposis sarcoma and T-cell lymphoma of the skin.
A large fraction of patients with melanoma still does not benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, associated with both primary and acquired resistance. Here the authors report genetic and immunological patterns of resistance in patients with melanoma after progression on anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 monotherapy.
Therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment is incompletely understood in adolescent and young-adult (AYA) patients with melanoma. Here, the authors demonstrate that AYA patients exhibit a unique stroma-infiltrating T cell immunogenomic profile compared with adults, which impacts on their responsiveness to immunotherapy.
Leveraging the expertise of physicians to identify medically meaningful features in ‘counterfactual’ images produced via generative machine learning facilitates the auditing of the inference process of medical-image classifiers, as shown for dermatology images.
In this study, Bansaccal et al. analyse why, at some skin locations, oncogene-expressing cells rarely progress to cancer and found that a dense dermal collagen network prevents skin cancer formation.