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Neurocomputational mechanisms involved in adaptation to fluctuating intentions of others
Humans often interact without knowing the cooperative or competitive intentions of others. Here, the authors determined the neurocomputational mechanisms engaged in adapting to fluctuating intentions of others over repeated social interactions.
- Rémi Philippe
- , Rémi Janet
- & Jean-Claude Dreher
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Organization of reward and movement signals in the basal ganglia and cerebellum
How the brain transforms reward information into actions remains poorly understood. Here, the authors found that reward expectation and sensorimotor signals are more pronounced in the output of the basal ganglia than its input or the cerebellar cortex, implying that the transformation of reward signals into motor signals is not hierarchically organized.
- Noga Larry
- , Gil Zur
- & Mati Joshua
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Midbrain signaling of identity prediction errors depends on orbitofrontal cortex networks
Behaviour requires knowledge of cues and outcomes. Here the authors use neuromodulation of lateral orbitofrontal cortex and neuroimaging of error-related midbrain activity to reveal the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying reward identity learning.
- Qingfang Liu
- , Yao Zhao
- & Thorsten Kahnt
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Single nuclei transcriptomics in human and non-human primate striatum in opioid use disorder
Dysfunction in dorsal striatum, a brain region important for reward and habits, is linked to opioid use disorder (OUD). Here, authors delineate diverse cell populations in human dorsal striatum, revealing altered inflammatory and DNA damage signaling in OUD.
- BaDoi N. Phan
- , Madelyn H. Ray
- & Ryan W. Logan
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Dorsal hippocampus to nucleus accumbens projections drive reinforcement via activation of accumbal dynorphin neurons
The role of dorsal hippocampus in driving reinforcement remains to be determined. Here, authors show that dorsal hippocampus-driven reinforcing behaviors are mediated via inputs to dynorphin neurons in the dorsal medial nucleus accumbens.
- Khairunisa Mohamad Ibrahim
- , Nicolas Massaly
- & Jose A. Morón
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Mapping expectancy-based appetitive placebo effects onto the brain in women
The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying placebo effects of hunger suggestion are not well understood. Here, the authors show that activation and interaction of different areas of the prefrontal cortex are related to the effects of hunger suggestions on food choice and evaluation.
- Iraj Khalid
- , Belina Rodrigues
- & Liane Schmidt
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Dopamine release in human associative striatum during reversal learning
Dopamine release in the brain is hypothesised to be related to unexpected changes in reward. Here, the authors combine PET and fMRI in humans to show individual differences in reward prediction error during a card guessing game are associated with dopamine receptor occupancy in the striatum.
- Filip Grill
- , Marc Guitart-Masip
- & Anna Rieckmann
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Asymmetric coding of reward prediction errors in human insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
It is unclear how dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and insula represent reward prediction errors. Here, the authors analyze human intracranial data to reveal spatially mixed, asymmetric coding of valence-specific and unsigned reward prediction errors, with insula leading dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
- Colin W. Hoy
- , David R. Quiroga-Martinez
- & Robert T. Knight
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Neural substrates of parallel devaluation-sensitive and devaluation-insensitive Pavlovian learning in humans
This study shows evidence for multiple and distinct associative mechanisms involved in human Pavlovian learning, identifying putative neural correlates for the parallel expression of both devaluation sensitive and insensitive Pavlovian behaviors.
- Eva R. Pool
- , Wolfgang M. Pauli
- & John P. O’Doherty
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Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex
How neurons represent competing values during decision making remains poorly understood. Here, the authors find evidence that context modulates value representation in the human cortex.
- Wan-Yu Shih
- , Hsiang-Yu Yu
- & Shih-Wei Wu
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Complex 33-beam simulated galactic cosmic radiation exposure impacts cognitive function and prefrontal cortex neurotransmitter networks in male mice
Here the authors show in male mice that acute and chronic complex simulated galactic cosmic radiation exposure differentially reorganized prefrontal cortex neurotransmitter networks in vivo, which was associated with cognitive deficits.
- Rajeev I. Desai
- , Brian D. Kangas
- & Charles L. Limoli
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Distinct value computations support rapid sequential decisions
How animals determine the value of the environment for motivation and error-based learning remains unclear. Here, the authors found that rats use multiple distinct algorithms to compute the value of the environment for rapid sequential actions on single trials.
- Andrew Mah
- , Shannon S. Schiereck
- & Christine M. Constantinople
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Mobilization of endocannabinoids by midbrain dopamine neurons is required for the encoding of reward prediction
Inhibiting 2-AG synthesis in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons may impair cue-driven motivated behavior and dopamine release. Here the authors report this, showing the role of endocannabinoid signaling in dopamine-based predictive associations.
- Miguel Á. Luján
- , Dan P. Covey
- & Joseph F. Cheer
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Dopamine receptor activation regulates reward expectancy signals during cognitive control in primate prefrontal neurons
Dopamine responds to reward-predicting cues and is also linked to cognitive control. Here the authors examine the role of dopamine receptor subtypes in the neuromodulation of reward-related activity in the macaque prefrontal cortex.
- Torben Ott
- , Anna Marlina Stein
- & Andreas Nieder
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Neural circuit selective for fast but not slow dopamine increases in drug reward
The faster a drug enters the brain, the greater its addictive potential. Using simultaneous PET-fMRI in humans, here the authors report a neural circuit responding to fast but not slow dopamine increases from intravenous versus oral methylphenidate delivery.
- Peter Manza
- , Dardo Tomasi
- & Nora D. Volkow
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Human thalamic low-frequency oscillations correlate with expected value and outcomes during reinforcement learning
The functional role of the human thalamus in reinforcement learning is debated. Here, using intra-thalamic recordings in humans, the authors report that thalamic low-frequency oscillations correlate with variables for learning from both reward and punishment.
- Antoine Collomb-Clerc
- , Maëlle C. M. Gueguen
- & Julien Bastin
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PET-measured human dopamine synthesis capacity and receptor availability predict trading rewards and time-costs during foraging
The role of dopamine in foraging behaviour in humans is not well understood. Here, the authors show using PET imaging, that striatal dopamine receptor availability, and dopamine function in the anterior cingulate cortex and mesolimbic areas are related to the decision to explore new environments.
- Angela M. Ianni
- , Daniel P. Eisenberg
- & Karen F. Berman
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Distinct sub-second dopamine signaling in dorsolateral striatum measured by a genetically-encoded fluorescent sensor
Genetically encoded dopamine sensors have emerged as an alternative to voltammetry for in vivo dopamine measurements. Here, the authors compare these two methods directly, and document dopamine responses during Pavlovian conditioning across the striatum.
- Armando G. Salinas
- , Jeong Oen Lee
- & David M. Lovinger
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Beta traveling waves in monkey frontal and parietal areas encode recent reward history
Here, the authors show that beta oscillations in the frontal and parietal lobes of monkeys propagate as traveling waves. The strength of these signals increases after rewards, suggesting a role for traveling waves in memory for recent events.
- Erfan Zabeh
- , Nicholas C. Foley
- & Jacqueline P. Gottlieb
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The behavioral signature of stepwise learning strategy in male rats and its neural correlate in the basal forebrain
How animals learn that reward is predicted by multi-event sequences consisting of sensory stimuli and actions remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that such learning starts from the event closest to the reward and sequentially incorporates earlier events.
- Hachi E. Manzur
- , Ksenia Vlasov
- & Shih-Chieh Lin
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Chemogenetic dissection of a prefrontal-hypothalamic circuit for socially subjective reward valuation in macaques
How subjective reward value is affected by social comparison remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show a crucial role for the circuit from the medial prefrontal cortex to the lateral hypothalamus in subjective value modulation in social contexts.
- Atsushi Noritake
- , Taihei Ninomiya
- & Masaki Isoda
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External globus pallidus input to the dorsal striatum regulates habitual seeking behavior in male mice
The external part of the globus pallidus is involved in action-selection. Here, the authors investigate the function of an arkypallidal neuronal circuit to the dorsolateral striatum in goal-directed and habitual-seeking behaviors in male mice.
- Matthew Baker
- , Seungwoo Kang
- & Doo-Sup Choi
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Blocking D2/D3 dopamine receptors in male participants increases volatility of beliefs when learning to trust others
Inferring other people’s intentions from their actions is essential for successful social engagement. Here, the authors show that in social contexts, dopamine D2 receptors are important in regulating uncertainty-driven belief updating.
- Nace Mikus
- , Christoph Eisenegger
- & Michael Naef
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Closed-loop brain stimulation augments fear extinction in male rats
Whether fear memories can be attenuated through on demand electrical stimulation remains unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that fear extinction can be augmented through closed-loop stimulation of the reward system, guided by hippocampal SWRs.
- Rodrigo Ordoñez Sierra
- , Lizeth Katherine Pedraza
- & Antal Berényi
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Drug reinforcement impairs cognitive flexibility by inhibiting striatal cholinergic neurons
Addictive substances may impair cognitive flexibility. Here the authors show that in rodents, increased activity of striatal direct-pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs) in response to cocaine inhibits cholinergic interneurons (CINs), reducing cognitive flexibility.
- Himanshu Gangal
- , Xueyi Xie
- & Jun Wang
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Dynamic and stable hippocampal representations of social identity and reward expectation support associative social memory in male mice
The ability to recognize an individual and retrieve related information is crucial for social animals. Here, the authors employ a new social recognition paradigm to show that dorsal CA1 neurons distinguish individual mice and encode associated reward information.
- Eunji Kong
- , Kyu-Hee Lee
- & Doyun Lee
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Mesolimbic dopamine release precedes actively sought aversive stimuli in mice
Animals may approach normally aversive stimuli such as an air puff when in a non-enriched environment. Here the authors show that dopamine release in the ventral lateral striatum was reduced by aversive stimulation, but was increased when it was actively sought.
- Yosuke Yawata
- , Yu Shikano
- & Yuji Ikegaya
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Environmental context-dependent activation of dopamine neurons via putative amygdala-nigra pathway in macaques
How the primate dopamine system retains information on higher-order factors such as environmental context remains elusive. Here, the authors show tonic activity changes of dopamine neurons in different environments and the involvement of a putative amygdala-nigra pathway in such neural modulation.
- Kazutaka Maeda
- , Ken-ichi Inoue
- & Okihide Hikosaka
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Distributed processing for value-based choice by prelimbic circuits targeting anterior-posterior dorsal striatal subregions in male mice
The prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex is involved in goal-directed action. Here the authors investigate the function of the prelimbic pathways projecting along the anterior posterior striatal axis in value based decision making in male mice.
- Kyuhyun Choi
- , Eugenio Piasini
- & Marc V. Fuccillo
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Subcortical serotonin 5HT2c receptor-containing neurons sex-specifically regulate binge-like alcohol consumption, social, and arousal behaviors in mice
The neurobiological mechanisms by which binge alcohol consumption disrupts social and emotional functioning are unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that sex-specific social and arousal disturbances induced by binge alcohol consumption are driven by dysregulation of serotonergic signaling and activation of 5HT2c receptor-containing neurons in the lateral habenula in mice.
- M. E. Flanigan
- , O. J. Hon
- & T. L. Kash
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Lateral hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons drive hunger-gated food-seeking and consummatory behaviours in male mice
Eating behviours consist of seeking and consummatory phases. Here, authors show that two distinct lateral hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons orchestrate seeking and consummatory phases of eating behaviour via hunger signal, Neuropeptide Y.
- Young Hee Lee
- , Yu-Been Kim
- & Hyung Jin Choi
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Continuous cholinergic-dopaminergic updating in the nucleus accumbens underlies approaches to reward-predicting cues
Nucleus accumbens cholinergic interneurons release acetylcholine and glutamate. Here, authors show that acetylcholine, rather than glutamate, is predominantly involved in updating dopamine dynamics mediating Pavlovian approach behaviours.
- Miguel Skirzewski
- , Oren Princz-Lebel
- & Timothy J. Bussey
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Median raphe serotonergic neurons projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus control preference and aversion
Appropriate processing of value information is essential for survival. Here the authors show that in mice, serotonergic activations originating from the median raphe nucleus facilitated aversion in a pathway-dependent manner, while silencing this pathway was rewarding.
- Hiroyuki Kawai
- , Youcef Bouchekioua
- & Shuji Kaneko
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An opioid-gated thalamoaccumbal circuit for the suppression of reward seeking in mice
The role of opioids in the neural systems of maladaptive behavioral suppression is unclear. Here, authors identify a thalamoaccumbal brain circuit that is required for the suppression of reward seeking and is rapidly disengaged by opioids leading to unrestricted behavioral actions.
- Kelsey M. Vollmer
- , Lisa M. Green
- & James M. Otis
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Hippocampal convergence during anticipatory midbrain activation promotes subsequent memory formation
Motivational states play a key role in memory formation. Here, the authors show that curiosity engages reward circuitry to promote a hippocampal state conducive to the formation of new memories.
- Jia-Hou Poh
- , Mai-Anh T. Vu
- & R. Alison Adcock
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Reward expectation extinction restructures and degrades CA1 spatial maps through loss of a dopaminergic reward proximity signal
How expectations of reward influence spatial memories remains unclear. Here, the authors reveal a dopamine pathway to the hippocampus that increases activity with proximity to expected rewards, thus stabilizing spatial representations of trajectories that lead to rewards.
- Seetha Krishnan
- , Chad Heer
- & Mark E. J. Sheffield
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Reward salience but not spatial attention dominates the value representation in the orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes value, but how attention modulates its encoding is not clear. Here, the authors demonstrate that the representation of value in OFC is dominated by reward salience but only weakly modulated by spatial attention.
- Wenyi Zhang
- , Yang Xie
- & Tianming Yang
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A neuro-computational account of procrastination behavior
Most humans procrastinate to some extent, despite adverse consequences. Here, the authors show that how much an individual procrastinates, both in the lab and at home, relates to brain signals that reflect temporal discounting of effort cost.
- Raphaël Le Bouc
- & Mathias Pessiglione
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Infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex signalling to calbindin 1 positive neurons in posterior basolateral amygdala suppresses anxiety- and depression-like behaviours
The neural mechanisms for reward generalization are not fully understood. Here the authors investigate the role of posterior basolateral amygdala calbindin-expressing cells in modulating behavioural responses related to reward and aversion.
- Huiling Yu
- , Liping Chen
- & Jian-Zhi Wang
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Striatal dopamine dissociates methylphenidate effects on value-based versus surprise-based reversal learning
The mechanisms underpinning the variability in methylphenidate’s effects on cognition remain unclear. Here, the authors show that such effects reflect changes in striatal dopamine-related output gating of task-relevant cortical signals, and that these changes depend on baseline dopamine synthesis capacity.
- Ruben van den Bosch
- , Britt Lambregts
- & Roshan Cools
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Orbitofrontal cortex contributes to the comparison of values underlying economic choices
Economic choices entail the comparison of offer values, but the neural underpinnings of this process are poorly understood. Here the authors show that weak electrical stimulation of the orbitofrontal cortex selectively disrupts value comparison without affecting offer values.
- Sébastien Ballesta
- , Weikang Shi
- & Camillo Padoa-Schioppa
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Compulsive alcohol drinking in rodents is associated with altered representations of behavioral control and seeking in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex
Compulsive alcohol drinking is a core feature of alcohol use disorder. Here the authors find that in rodents, neural signals in a key decision-making brain region (dmPFC) shift from behavioral control to alcohol seeking during compulsive alcohol drinking behaviour.
- Nicholas M. Timme
- , Baofeng Ma
- & Christopher C. Lapish
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Dopamine encodes real-time reward availability and transitions between reward availability states on different timescales
Dopamine in the ventral striatum conveys a complex reward-associated signal. This study demonstrates how dopamine reflects sustained reward availability, and rapidly signals unexpected changes in availability.
- Abigail Kalmbach
- , Vanessa Winiger
- & Eleanor H. Simpson
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A structural and functional subdivision in central orbitofrontal cortex
A portion of the orbitofrontal cortex can be subdivided by its connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex. This connectivity-based parcellation shows differences in functional connectivity and economic choice signals.
- Maya Zhe Wang
- , Benjamin Y. Hayden
- & Sarah R. Heilbronner
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Striatal hub of dynamic and stabilized prediction coding in forebrain networks for olfactory reinforcement learning
Where and how the brain learns from experience is not fully understood. Here the authors use a hierarchical approach from behavioural modelling to systems fMRI to cellular coding reveals brain mechanisms for history informed updating of future predictions.
- Laurens Winkelmeier
- , Carla Filosa
- & Wolfgang Kelsch
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Multiplexed action-outcome representation by striatal striosome-matrix compartments detected with a mouse cost-benefit foraging task
The role that the striatum plays in tracking the association between actions and combinations of rewarding and aversive outcomes remains unclear. Here, by using both calcium imaging in mice and reinforcement learning models, the authors find that individual striatal neurons can encode associations between actions and multiple, sometimes conflicting, outcomes.
- Bernard Bloem
- , Rafiq Huda
- & Ann M. Graybiel
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Article
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Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates goal-directed behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity
The prefrontal cortex is involved in goal-directed behaviour. Here the authors show that medial prefrontal cortex activates goal-directed motivation and dopamine neurons via a feedback loop with the anteromedial thalamus.
- Chen Yang
- , Yuzheng Hu
- & Satoshi Ikemoto
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Article
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Primate anterior insular cortex represents economic decision variables proposed by prospect theory
Prospect theory predicts irrational effects in human decision-making, but relies on ad-hoc assumptions. Here, authors provide a neural basis for this by showing that anterior insular cortex encodes key economic variables proposed by prospect theory.
- You-Ping Yang
- , Xinjian Li
- & Veit Stuphorn
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Chronic nicotine increases midbrain dopamine neuron activity and biases individual strategies towards reduced exploration in mice
Chronic nicotine exposure impacts various components of decision-making processes, such as exploratory behaviors. Here, the authors identify the cellular mechanism and show that chronic nicotine exposure increases the tonic activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons and reduces exploration in mice.
- Malou Dongelmans
- , Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- & Philippe Faure
A hippocampus-accumbens code guides goal-directed appetitive behavior