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A retrovirus is an infectious agent belonging to the RNA virus family Retroviridae. These viruses encode a reverse transcriptase enzyme that converts the RNA genome into DNA during the retroviral life cycle, which then becomes integrated into the host genome.
The presence of multiple functional m6A modification sites on diverse HIV-1 RNA transcripts suggests a strategy to provide additional stability and resilience to HIV-1 replication.
A novel in vitro latency model (HIV-Tocky) suggests the multi-layered nature of HIV-1 post-integration latency at which latent proviruses with a history of expression showed features of stable latency in contrary to these lacking a history of expression.
Finding a cure for HIV-1 infection, once considered elusive, now represents a major priority for the global microbiology research community. In this article, Armani-Tourret, Lichterfeld and colleagues highlight recent advances in understanding immunological vulnerabilities of virally infected cells that persist lifelong and represent the major barrier to a cure.
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) can induce immune responses and the control of these viruses uses immune mechanisms also involved in autoimmunity. Here, the authors characterize the control of ERVs in mice and show age-associated B cell control and nucleic acid sensing TLR pathway involvement.
In this study, Armani-Tourret et al. show that the combination of panobinostat and pegylated interferon-α2a transforms the structure and composition of the HIV-1 reservoir and could potentially counter it.
The authors developed a refillable, long-acting subcutaneous nanofluidic antiretroviral delivery implant that conferred protection against infection with simian–human immunodeficiency virus in rhesus macaques.
A new paper in Science reports that human genomes encode a large repertoire of retroviral envelope-derived proteins, with potential roles in protecting from infection by other retroviruses.
Pandemic viruses cause major global disease burden and economic disruption. We investigated pandemic HIV-1(M) to understand its unique characteristics by comparing it with HIV strains that did not achieve pandemic human-to-human spread. We observed structural adaptations in the HIV-1(M) capsid that reduce detection by innate immune sensors.
Two recent studies highlight the potential of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for the long-term control of HIV in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.