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Polyploidy is the presence of more than two homologous sets of chromosomes in a cell or organism. It occurs as a result of genome duplication due to nondisjunction during meiosis.
Grasses share a whole-genome duplication called rho, but the adaptive implications are unclear. Here, the authors conduct phylogenomic and phylotranscriptomic analyses of 363 grasses, identifying additional whole-genome duplications and finding that duplicates are implicated in environmental adaptations or morphogenesis.
Subgenome dominance is widely observed in allopolyploid species, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors generate genome-wide map of accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) in allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry and reveal that dynamics of the ACRs play an important role in its subgenome dominance.
Self-incompatibility in diploid Arabidopsis relatives is determined by a dominance relationship that is epigenetically regulated. Using transgenic methods, this study demonstrates that the dominance relationship between subgenomes of the allopolyploid species Arabidopsis kamchatica underlies it’s self-compatibility.
The direct impacts of transposable element dynamics on polyploid regulation and developmental specificity remain unclear. Here, the authors show that a large proportion of enhancer-like elements (ELEs) are mainly originated from RLG_famc7.3 specifically expanded in subgenome A, producing active nascent transcripts and influencing wheat spike development.
The polyploidy of mammalian cardiomyocytes is a barrier to heart regeneration, but modification of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle can boost their regenerative potential.
The polyploidy of mammalian cardiomyocytes is a barrier to heart regeneration, but modification of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle can boost their regenerative potential.
A detailed phylogenetic study now shows that there is a compelling association between polyploidy and domestication, and that polyploidy more frequently occurs before domestication.
